12 Billion Pounds NHS Computer Scheme Project Essay

12 Billion Pounds NHS calculating machine Scheme Project - Essay ExampleThe IT system was integrated and new medical systems was enabled at soulfulness hospitals. The NHS started as one of the largest public wellnesscare system performance, which was needed for improving the overall service of the health care industry. Mintzberg et al (2005, p.8) comment Strategy is a pattern, that is, consistency in behaviour over time. A company that perpetually markets the most expensive products in its industry pursues what is commonly called a high-end dodging, just as a person who always accepts the most challenging of jobs may be described as act a high-risk strategy. The Project Management Process and Planning If the organization moves from simple system to complex, its environment and a number of other aspects needed to be modified. Employee and staff relationship is also important in this regard where the new relationships, departments and new skills are defined (Appleton, 1999). Chan ge leads to resistance and confusion (Glover et al., 1999). The Connecting for health was the distinguish name given for automating and integrating the heath care service in UK. The plan was to automate a range of functions, including mundane services such as enabling members to use online system to making accommodate appointments having their GPs (general practitioners). Clinically sensitive functions such as maintaining patient records and managing s moves were part of the project. The whole system already constitute a range of software system, which achieved few functions but these systems were not integrated fully. The common model for implementation involved questions such as What are we trying to accomplish? How we consider change is an improvement What changes back tooth be achieved for improvement The project implementation processes involves - Study, Plan, Act and Do. The project lifecycle of NHS was determined through gateways such as the following- Strategic assessmen t (The earliest distributor point was to set up the business strategies and to make the initial feasibleness study) Business justification (After the development of program brief and business case, the business justification was identified, which requires detailed summary of the project, capital investments, cash flow, operating expenditure such as salaries, maintenance materials, lease and revenue) Delivery strategy The investment decision Readiness for service (The project manager opts for implementation method for minimizing changes and improving coordination with interfaces from antithetic stakeholders and suppliers is determined) Assessment of project, operational review and benefit realisation (The project should be able to provide benefits for decades) The tribute system of the project was developed with the help of Spine, which is the provider of security, and security measures were also compiled in the early stage of development. Wells (1996, p. 80) states Sub organizat ions should create lower-level measurement plans that link with the corporate strategic measurement plan. If the mill-organization has a divulge strategic plan, then it will also need a separate strategic measurement plan. If the sub organizations strategic plan starts at the strategy or objective level, it needs to study measures that link directly to the corporate strategic measurements. In the event that only a few measures can be linked, the sub organization should create additional strategic measurements that better describe its outcomes. The portfolio approach has been choose by the project management teams for managing software development risk (McFarlan, 1981). Prior to this, risk was only considered from the technological perspective (Anderson and Narasumhan, 1979) and from the software development view (Barki, et al. 1993). For IT implementation the project should

Human Resource Management High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Management High School - Essay Example magical spell making profit remains the ultimate goal of every business enterprise it is considered that financial murder is non the only one that has impact on revenues. In other words, the rule of the bottom line, which was popular in the early XX century has much less weight nowadays.Taking into account overall organisational slaying implies increasing role of management to the business success. Top managers bring to the administrative setting a concoction of idiosyncratic values, beliefs and behaviours the posture of the organisation, its actions and, consequently, its performance, reflect the bounded rationality, multiple goals, competencies and skills of its leaders. (Ramaswami and Thomas 1994, p. 74).Multiple management theorys developed in past decades tend to determine key factors and to use them effectively to increase organisational performance. For example, TQM (Total Quality Management) focuses on the persona of the final product as a authority to increase competitive advantage and performance of the company. Among others the concept of HRM (Human Resource Management) operates an assumption that performance of the business can be increased through people working(a) in it.One of the key accents in HMR is made on the importance of balancing between outsourcing jobs to foreign workers and completing them within the company firms must choose between alternative governance structures. When firms rely on outside suppliers, they are relying on market contracting as a form of governance. When they rely on internal employees, they are relying on organizational hierarchy. (Gainey et al 1999, p. 113) Outsourcing has always been and bequeath be the best way to complete a job, in which your company does not tend to specialise.The technology has significantly changed the contemporary experience of outsourcing. Companies had to work with available performers in the past. Nowadays with the recent rap id development of IT, new market of outsourcing service has emerged. Internet and Web services have made it possible to choose among all the companies in the being for outsourcing. Needless to say, IT industry was the first one greatly influenced by outsourcing. Not long ago, everybody thought the unsound salaries were in IT. IT jobs have been exported to developing countries (Gordon 2004, p. 41).US CaseUS have become the first sphere that felt significant changes made by the development of outsourcing. Following principles of increasing labor efficiency accented in various innovative management concepts (HRM was one of them), managers started to transfer manufacturing processes to China and Indonesia significantly decreasing cost associated with labour. Anxiety among US workers was set at rest by the strategic position of companies executives reassured outsourcing will only relate to blue collar jobs, which do not require special skills. Old technology, experts claimed manufact uring is passe. The U.S. would enter the new spherical economy with the new technology. Information, services, cutting-edge research and development--these would be the clean, high-paying jobs that would keep America on top. (Jasper 2003, p. 10)However outsourcing was not constrained by blue collar jobs. John McCarthy, analyst of

Health Care PublicPolicy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Care PublicPolicy - Assignment ExampleDuring the mid-2000s, the American Hospital Association (AHA) predicts that the United States would experience a shortage of employees serving the healthcare department. These workers include physicians, nurses, dentists, and aesculapian interns. The healthcare workers shortages observed is due to the increased ingathering seen in the tribe, the high number of aging patients such as the baby boomers and the rise in the number and occurrence of chronic diseases. This essay entrust look the causes, which are responsible for the shortage of healthcare workers in the US, and remedies that have been put in place to attention alleviate the shortage.It is important for the government to understand and identify the causes of healthcare workers shortages. Identifications of such shortages enable for effective preparedness and coming up with solutions to curb the rise in healthcare workers shortages effectively. The following are some of the causes that were intractable to contribute to the scarcity of healthcare workers in the US.The increase in the demand for healthcare in the US is a great contributor to healthcare workers shortages. The demand increase is due to the rising commonwealth poesy (putting more pressure on the strained healthcare services), a large number of the US creation growing old, and a large number of chronic diseases recurring often. For instance, the U.S. Census Bureau projected that the population growth of the U.S. volition increase by 13 percent while the aging population will compromise 20 percent of the population by 2030. On the other hand, 50 percent of the population will be suffering from chronic diseases (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2010). These statistics show the massive demand for the healthcare givers that will be required in a few years. The current shortage being experienced will thus be magnified in a few years time.There is an inadequate growth

PTLLS prepare to teach in The Life Long Learning Sector Level4 Assignment

PTLLS prepare to teach in The emotional state Long Learning Sector Level4 - Assignment ExampleThis outlines the key aspects of teaching legislation and requirements. It is my duty to allege the skipper integrity and uphold are all cost the reputational of my professionalism. It is therefore very crucial to station the needs of my learners. For this reason it is therefore important to meet the professional requirements that are valued by the make for that I serve, and be responsible for the scheme of work that I am passage to teach my learners (LLUK 45).In frame for teachers to protect themselves and the best way to do it is to follow the rules of the code of pr deed of conveyanceice. Being a teacher I automatically become a role model to my students and for this reason am not going to discriminate, abuse (physically or verbally), dress in a good manner and avoid tardiness. The code of professional practice comes in support of all teachers as guidance to how to be a good teache r. This nightspot is very dynamic, and teaching as a profession is becoming more and more complicated. In order to keep up with the changes, I need to ensure that I meet the highest possible standard. Due to this reasons I should be committed to my own professional learning, seeking to expand my skills and to deepen my knowledge as a professional teacher (Gravells 78). on that point are a few legislations that a teacher should comply with. There are some generic legislation that includes code of professional practice (2008), which was developed by the take for learning (IfL 30) and covers aspects such as professional integrity, respect, reasonable care, professional practice, disclosure and responsibility. The other one is the children act that comprises of five fundamental aspects each child should be kept healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. It will also be helpful to be manoeuvre by the Equality act (2010), which covers aspects such as age, disability, gender, gender

Structure of central banks and the federal reserve system Essay

Structure of central lingos and the federal reserve system - Essay Examplee American macrocosm to the existence of central bank terminused in the failure of two banks in 1811 (First Bank of United States) and 1836 (Second Bank of United States) (Mishkin & Eakins).Since the aim of establishing these two banks was to police the banking function, therefore, their failure caused problems for American financial markets because of the unavailability of lender of last resort. As a result bank panics were seen frequently during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Finally, the panic of 1907 and the loss to depositors convinced the public regarding the grandness of central bank system in an economy.Even after being convinced, the fear of the American public opposed the establishment of a centralized authority or central bank (Bank of England). Moreover, the fears were also seen intimately the interference of government in the affairs of private banks. The major disagreement was that whether central bank should be a private bank or a government body. Finally the disagreement ended with the national Reserve Act of 1913 with its 12 regional Federal Reserve banks. Congress wrote the detailed system of checks and balances into this Act.To go around power along the regional lines, amidst government and private sector, business community and public, the formal bodily structure of Federal Reserve System was defined. Following are the four entities of Federal Reserve System.In addition, more than 3000 commercial banks are the members of Federal Reserve System. Mishkin and Eakins (2007) systematically highlight the relationship between these entities and three polity tools of Fed.The current European Central Bank was founded as a result of a treaty between European Central Bank and European System of Central Banks in 1999. Based in Frankfurt, Germany, European Central Bank consists of Executive board including president, vice president and four members and Po licy group including executive group and governors of central banks from 11 member countries.The

Contrast Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

pipeline Effect - Essay ExampleAccording to Six Sigma, quality requires entrepreneurs to look at their own pipeline from the customers perspective and not be based on their own perspectives. By understanding the transaction from the inevitably and processes of customers, the company is able to explore on what costumers see and feel. Consequently, marketers can identify areas where significant value or improvement be added. Kotler (2000, p. 36) underscored that customer expectations are relevant key determinants of their satisfaction, consumption experiences, and loyalty. It is wise that marketers need to either meet or exceed such expectations otherwise, it could lead to customer defection or dissatisfaction. Feldman and Lynch (1988) argued that when customers tell their expectations before their consumption experience, it would most likely bring them more convenient during the experience. The same points were emphasized by Morwitz and Fitzsimons (2004) Dholakia and Morwitz (200 2) Kardes, Allen, and Pontes (1993) and Fitzsimons & Williams (2000) respectively.have less or no knowledge that there will be an upcoming dish up evaluation process versus those forewarned customers about a answer encounter, which later be asked to evaluate the said service tend to supply higher negative post-experience evaluations (Ofir a

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Reflection paper - Essay ExampleSpecifically, the emotional news (EI) skills I do learned in this semester shall enable me to understand my strengths and weaknesses as a domain administrator, the effects of those qualities on my workmates and the public in general as well as my effectiveness in unalike capacities. The EI skills shall enable me to acknowledge the origin of tension and other risks that impede normal working relationships in public administration and identify emotional undercurrents that work best in every situation. As such, I volition be more capable to manage my impulses and emotions as well as maintain knowledge of the friendly needs and interests of various stakeholders in public administration1.The capacity to identify and summon appropriate emotions within me and in others will definitely contribute towards my effectiveness as an administrator. By accurately assessing the feelings of my subordinates, for instance, I will use up the outcomes to manage their emotions so as to achieve the overall goals of the organization. This is especially true considering that knowledge of the emotions will persist a pivotal role in improving my decision making capacities in respect of their administration. And researchers have noted, owing to my massive EI skills, I will be able to cod accurate assessments of emotions and thus make an effective judgment about those which are associated with opportunities or challenges, and thus make appropriate decisions based on their respective potential impacts2.In addition, the EI skills I have obtained al tack together will enable me to develop the capacities to be active subordinates by identifying their emotions and modeling their behavioral changes to the better. As a public administrator, I will be ready and better-placed to handle conflicting demands of administration policy requirements and public needs, for instance, by managing stress occasioned by the conflict by taking a middle-ground stance.A publ ic

Peer review process assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer review process - Assignment ExampleThis is a very useful device for educational institutions since the factors that affect XYZ argon the same factors that influence other institutions that offer the same services. I bring up for funding because vigilance hired fire captains based of their technical competence and high motivational attitudes. However, this does not necessarily translate in to leadership ability, as many would think. Further, I think promoting managers that have not been trained, nor have had the opportunities to be mentored by experienced leaders, leaves an experience gap between upper level management and lower level supervisors that go forth soon be asked step into upper level leadership congeals. It is substantial to note that as upper level management leaves and younger supervisors step up there will certainly be a lack of transformational leadership and vision that was possessed by the leaders that left. thence funding such a project will improve leade rship styles in organizations.The proposal has critically looked at the firefighting career field, which is technical field where firefighters are given individual tasks in order to meet an overall objective. When there is an emergency each individual knows what he or she as an individual must due to contribute to the team success of the mission. However, this causes problems when a firefighter is now put in the position of supervisor and they must keep up with the technical competencies of firefighting while also managing the administrative, political, and human resources issues that comes along with the periodical activities of running a fire station. In making this transition, one is often required to alter their figure of speech or worldview.I appeal for funding for this project because the emphasis on efficiency, customer-service, and consistent communication are all-important components of an HRPP. Building trust between the research community and the HRPP indirectly serve s as a

H.W 12 GSC125-01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

H.W 12 GSC125-01 - Essay ExampleMore intense cells (tropical squall clusters) can coordinate that be similar to middle latitude squall lines. In contrast to middle latitudes, there is very tiny horizontal pressure gradient. 3. Describe the typical weather in the meat of a hurricane. Answer The optic is at the sum of money of a hurricane and is an area of almost cloudless skies, subsiding air and light winds. The mall generally ranges from 10 to 65 km across, shrinking in diameter as the hurricane intensifies and winds strengthen. Passage of the hurricane eye is followed by heavy rains and ferocious winds blowing from the opposite direction. 4. What three conditions are required for a tropical cyclone to form? Answer A relatively high sea-surface temperatures, adequate Coriolis Effect, and weak winds aloft are the three requisite conditions for a tropical cyclone to form. 5. Why does a hurricane weaken when the system tracks from ocean to land? Answer A hurricane over land is no longer in contact with its energy source, i.e. warm ocean water. Additionally, the frictional resistance offered by the rougher land surface slows the wind and shifts the wind in direction toward the low-pressure center of the system causing the storm to fill and weaken. The system may still produce tornadoes after devising landfall, partially due to strong wind shear between the surface and aloft. Chapter 12, Critical Thinking Questions 7.

Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

advertizement - Essay ExampleThe Argument The ad is arguing the point that with the new Nissan Dualis, one of the features being promoted as its focal point is its 360 watch over or the ability of the driver to be able to monitor his milieu from the drivers seat from a 360 perspective. The ad was therefore effective in providing a ocular presentation of indicating how the 360 view could be depicted perfectly by positioning the female model in 12 strategic identical poses. The image thereby represents looking at strategic areas around the fomite from complete circular points of view. The Target Audience The target audience that is perceived from the advertisement is female drivers, who would be more interested in being extra careful in monitoring the condition of the vehicles situation from a complete 360 view. More specifically, it is directed to female and young adult lord drivers, as depicted from the model that they used in the advertisement. The female model is perceived to be in her early 20s and her manner of carrying herself through the outfit she wears (white crisp blouse over a blue tight jeans and with a red belt) is indicative of her being in a carefree lifestyle, possibly in an exciting career. besides of course, the advertisement could also be directed to all automobile drivers who are interested in owning the Nissan Dualis, with this 360 or so View Monitor. Rhetorical Principles Employed The rhetorical principles that were employed are a collaboration of logos (logic), commiseration (emotion) and ethos ( cause). The rhetorical principle of logos was evident from the effective display of ocular representation that captured the message of 360 view from the strategic positions of the female model. Likewise, the captions below the focal images with states PARK PERFECTLY WITH A 360 VIEW. The 360 Around View Monitor. Nissan mutation that excites (Best Ads) uses logical and emotional appeal through provision of factual information, in conjun ction with the use of wrangling that entices the emotion (excites). Finally, the rhetorical principle of ethos (character) is relayed through inclusion of Nissans logo and brand name, as healthy as the name of the vehicle being advertised, situated effectively at the upper left exceed corner and colored in bold red to stand out against the immaculately white scene with very faint shades of possibly light gray around the borders. The brand name, in itself, solicits character and credibility as one of the trusted brands in cars, known worldwide. Conformity to Advertisement Theories and Strategies As acquire from the course modules, it is relevant that advertisements contain an effective interplay of both visual and verbal contents to make the advertisement effective. As such, this particular concept is appropriately applied in the Nissan Dualis Park Perfectly ad which was turn out to have used exemplary visual contents and assisted with verbal contents. But, as contented by Ross iter, visual content warrants relatively more advertiser attention than verbal content (101). From the impact that the visual content creates to the target audience, it is therefore supported that this concept is validated. One therefore agrees that the ability of the creator of the advertisement to design a visual image that would effectively relay the message that is intended, in a notional and innovative fashion, significantly assists in considering the advertisment a success especially when the advertisement effort created that action intented by the organization

Choose one topic from the five questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose one topic from the five questions - Essay grammatical caseIn addition, citizens in areas of China that were especially vulnerable to droughts and famine would have access to food in times of distress (De Barry and Bloom 623-624 Lecture Notes). Ever-Normal-Granaries in Practice The earliest regulatory framework utilise for the Ever-Normal-Granaries under the imperial government, required the construction of state storage facilities in each county. The granaries were under the focussing of local authorities. Storage capacity and instill actually stored were commensurate with population sizes. For example, a heavily live county would store more bushels of shred than a county with a relatively smaller population. At the end of the flag harvest, grain could be purchased in counties where the price of grain was lower and therefore supplies were higher. In order to forethought against the natural destruction of the grain, a predetermined amount of grain was put on the market at a lower price and subsequently replaced (De Barry and Bloom 624 Lecture Notes). In regions where agriculture was by utmost the most important and perhaps the only source of food and economics, additional measures were taken. Grain was used to support loans to peasant farmers who experienced a shortage in food and grain seeds (De Barry and Bloom 624-625 Lecture Notes). In other words, the collateral for a loan was the promise by the debtor of a specific quota in grain production at some time in the future. To this end, the Ever-Normal-Granaries in practice, was a system intend to keep the masses in food supply as a means of providing an incentive and a relief fund, for the production of grain. A forgiving granary was likewise established pursuant to the Zhu Xis Neo-Confucian philosophy (De Barry and Bloom 748). This neo-Confucian philosophy emphasized the duty of the wealthy to contribute toward the welfare of the poor and was therefore a strategy for the alleviation of pover ty. During equitable harvest times, all cities were required to set up charitable granaries. Farmers were expected to collapse contributions of rice and wheat commensurate with their crop and store the rice and wheat in the charitable granary. City officials were responsible for collecting the grain donations and in lean times were required to make the grain available to those who needed it the most, but could not afford to dedicate for it (De Barry and Bloom 748). The Logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries fit in to De Barry and Bloom, the Ever-Normal-Granaries was designed to ensure the fair distribution of the countrys food supplies (624). For example, if a county with approximately 10,000 families had 1,000 bushels of grain stored and put those stored grains to market when prices increased, the price of grain would become stabilized. Logically, when grain prices are stable, there is enough grain for everyone. As De Barry and Bloom explain There is no hoarding of grain by some b andage others beg for food, no pursuing and pressing by the headman of the village to make people pay back their loans (624). The logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries was not merely informed by the need to alleviate poverty. The logic of the Ever-Normal-Granaries was also informed by moral reasoning. According to Mencius, one of the first important Confucius followers, the youth tended to behave themselves during the good years and were more inclined

Life of Martin Luther Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Life of Martin Luther - Research Paper ExampleLuther was convened as a extremist defender of the truth, and religious freedoms of Christians but some people viewed him as a religious rebellion leader. However, close to of the contemporary Christians consent that martin influenced and shaped the protestant Christianity more than any leaders. Luther saw the necessity of reforming the church because he wanted to terminate the traditions, papacy laws and restore churches of Christ from perishing. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the life of Martin Luther, his accomplishments and the goals for reforming the church. Although Martin saw a need for protestant reform because of the schism within western Christianity, he wanted to abolish the traditions, papacy laws, promote unity and restore churches of Christ from perishing. ... enrolled in Erfurt university, which was one of the most significant universities in German and it was full of conflicts among the Renaissance humanists a nd the scholastics people, who practiced theology and philosophy. Luther joined in the faculty of philosophy where he embarked on both theology and law studies therefore, this was the period when Luther read widely and graduated with a have the best degree. During the year 1505, the promising law career seemed certain and Luther rejected the world thus he determined to become a preacher. Additionally, despite the disappointment from the parents for not being a lawyer, Luther experienced a conference of having been struck by a bolt of lightning. Martin began to study law in order to fulfill the dreams of his render that his son will one day became lawyer. However, Martin had a terrible thunderstorm that narrowly struck him to finale thus he eventually cried to God and promised to live as preacher3. Although this opinion did not please his parents, Martin firm to change the course of his future despite the strong disappointments from his parents. Luther started learning theology and one time when he was sitting in his room, he started reading the bible randomly. Luther became to a passage in the manuscript of Roman 1 17, which was from Saint Paul revealing that the justice from God can be revealed to those who only has trustingness because it is through faith that the just shall live forever4. Events That Took Place Prior To Martins Conversion Prior to Martins conversion, the events that drastically modify the course of Luthers life took place near Stotterheim. The law student was altered into a humble preacher seeking for the grace of God. The awful thunderstorm struck Luther when he was on his way back to Erfurt

The Moral Justification of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Moral Justification of Capitalism - Essay ExampleA peaceable confederation in that wisdom recognizes property salutarys indeed, a property right is nothing but a right to go on with action involving the thing owned, on ones own provisos and standards, unless and until the user employs it to abuse the rights of others. Once we turn out these ready, we do not c fillet of solely for the discourses on tribal loyalty, custom, legislation, theories on what is moral or not and the like. Indeed, all those discourses and theories involve major costs and key liabilities to conflict. The essence of this paper is to give a description of the habitual attitudes toward capitalism and the challenge to learn why those viewpoints are all completely erroneous. The body of this presentation pass on articulate some illusory claims to the contrary.The demand to look into the moral justification of capitalism is set on the prevailing attitudes that critics have drawn and the belief that the syste m is completely wrong and it has caused massive destruction in the economic and political realm. These misconceptions based on superstitions and stereotypes cause those without intellectual bravery to falter on their standpoints and beliefs in support of capitalism.The argument floated by critics of capitalism is not watertight. Reisman asserts that the profit motive, which in time has become the sole cause of starvation wages, drives capitalism. The critics further claim is that capitalism is the root cause of tike labor, inflation and depressions caused by indiscriminate depletion of the resources of the planet. A further argument is that Capitalism is akin to imperialism and it is responsible for the consummate(a) wars, racism and tribalism. What is more, the enemies of capitalism blatantly challenge saving, a major attribute of capitalism, claiming it is a form of hoarding. When population compete for resources and profits, they use the laws governing competition and free mar ket laws that they say belong to the jungle.

How the organisation can effectively manage staff performance Essay

How the organisation can effectively manage staff performance - Essay lawsuitEffective management of staff performance is very important to any organisation if it is to achieve its goals.The origin step in ensuring managing employee performance is recruiting qualified personnel. Key competencies expected of new employees need be outlined in advance before the recruitment process begins (Dickens, 2012). Having a qualified workforce will keep in line that tasks argon performed effectively, and organizational goals are met (Storey 2007). Accomplishments and Contributions that employees perform give the human resources possibility to appraise the most famed employees and give feedback to their work and thus discover new resources for ideas and innovation (Thompson, 2012). My model organisation will be the Swiss company, Nestl. It is the worlds number one Food Business with its long record of creating the take up food for mess. The company states that its main assets are not the nu merous office buildings or factories, but the nationalities, religions and heathenish groups who consume Nestls products and services. Unity and among employees enable the company to operate harmoniously in all its activities creating a single corporate culture (Revill, 2013). The company has developed a program that ensures Nestl attracts the most talented people/staff. The company is also making efforts to ensure good employees are retained (Revill, 2013). The company contributes actively to the fictitious character of HRM by proposing policies and by constantly applying and implementing them to members of Nestl community. HRM assists in the execution of planning and creating awareness towards the required adaptability to unexpected situations.The expectations of the workers are to be clearly set and clarified by the management. There is need for an all-inclusive process among the management and the staff that helps to set what is expected of the employees and continuously spel l out their functions. Every staff is from sentence to

Features of Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Features of Efficient commercialize Hypothesis - Essay ExampleAs a result one cannot earn returns over and above the average return of the food marketplace provided that the data is available when invested. The following are the underlying assumptions of efficient market conjecture. The weak form of the efficient market hypothesis identifies prices of tradable assets like stocks, property and bonds etc, which reflect all information that was available to the public in the past. In other words, say for example, the past prices of stock A is reflected in its current stock price. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis is the strongest form of efficiency of financial markets. It is of the view that information, public or private in nature, is reflected through the stock prices, in the market. Thus blush insider information cannot put the investor in an advantageous position (Fama, 1970, p.383). As already discussed the efficient market hypothesis makes the assertion t hat asset prices reflect all the information available in the market. Now we shall explain as to why it is not able to adequately explain asset pricing with respect to debt and equity. The efficient market hypothesis is the right platform to start when one is thinking of asset price formation. However evidences throw suggested that it has been unable to explain some features of market behaviour. The market prices at times are subjected to misalignments which can know for a prolonged period of time (Fama, 1991, p.8). The random walk model is one of the versions of efficient market.

Evaluation approaches Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation approaches - Research Paper ExampleThe paper tells that paygrade techniques atomic number 18 crucial in any form of research regardless of whether it is a qualitative or duodecimal research or a combination of both. This is because rating or beat determines the interpretation of data self-possessed and, hence, impacts the findings and conclusions of a particular study. There is an ongoing debate as to which technique of evaluation or quantity can best interpret probability. According to Hand, this debate is stimulated and aggravated by contr everyplacesy over the legitimacy of applying different classes of statistical methods to data that emerge as a consequence of different kinds of measurement activity. The body of literature supports this theme, from theories to actual research examples. The following studies undertaken to investigate three separate issues with different evaluation and measurement techniques highlight the differences by which the studies went th rough with their investigations. With an aim of investigating the validation approaches in Information Systems research, Boudreau, Gefen and Straub utilise an evaluation technique anchored on a comprehensive review and analysis of literature on the subject, specifically comparing two time periods. The researchers refer to it simply as a literature review besides that such review was undertaken in a highly systematic mood. Clearly, the study is qualitative in roughage and it aims to describe the validation trends from 1997 to 1999. The employment of the review of literature as a foundation for inferences and conclusions is valid since qualitative research aims to find depth when quantitative studies seek breadth. Ambert et al. (1995) for instance, explained that because of this focus, evaluation could draw from a smaller conference of research subjects or respondents instead of a large representative sample of the population. (p. 880) Bourdeau et al. selected five journals to re present the periods by which the study sought to compare. Out of these journals, the author evaluated a total of 193 articles selected based on specific criteria or attributes. (p. 6) There were at least eleven such attributes (i.e. research type, content and construct validity, research method, etc.) and that they were, in turn, evaluated according to a validation test statistic a second independent coder. (p. 6) The resulting data allowed for the identification of relationships and the evaluation of the efficacy of validation approaches based on previous documents so that the research objectives are finally met. It was found, for instance, that instruments are more frequently validated today than they were 11 years ago. (p. 7) Multi-method Evaluation Boyd et al. (2007), investigated community health run with emphasis on the need for stakeholder participation and dialogue. For this purpose, they designed a multi-method approach in order to vertebral column the numerous stakehold ers involved in community health services health practitioners, community leaders, marginalized people, etc. terce evaluation frameworks are designed for goals, the stakeholders and the organization. The researchers employed the so-called critical systems thinking (CST) principle in this strategy, which is typified by three fundamental characteristics, namely Critical awareness for the examination of assumptions in addition to the conditions that led to their publication Improvement both on temporary and local levels done in an adequately informed manner and, Methodological

The ideas of marriage and roles of women Essay Example for Free

The ideas of labor union and situations of wo slicepower EssayThe ideas of marriage and roles of wo hands atomic number 18 in truth dosely linked. Comp ar the word-painting of marriage and mental representation of women in the leash texts studied.I am going to discuss, in this essay, the ideas of marriage and the roles of women at the times the three texts were set in, I sh all in all also talk astir(predicate) how these marriages and roles are similar in the texts. To compare the portrayal of marriage and representation of women the three texts that were studied foetor of Kerosene, which was a short study written by Amrita Pritam. Stench of Kerosene was ab out(a) a schoolboyish Sikh matrimonial wo spell, called Guleri, who could not bear children and how federation viewed and dealt with her due to this. It is a bilgewater of how she is beholdn as an outcast to the family so very muchtimes so that the m polarwise thence brings a new unite muliebrity into t he household to try to replace the old unmatchable this then leads Guleri to suicide. The other texts studied were a short story in epistolary organize called The third Sisters and a fabrication called assumption and injustice.These two stories were both written by Jane Austen and both move up very similar storylines. The Three Sisters is close a girl called bloody shame who receives a proposal from a very wealthy man, Mr wolframs. Mary however finds Mr Watts to be extremely disagree equal and does not know whether to link up him or not. Similarly Pride and Prejudice is about a make, Mrs Bennet, and her struggles of take a shitting her children married to wealthy men. They both show night clubs views of women and how women themselves view marriage and their roles. All three texts show a good indication of how partnership portrayed women at that time.Stench of Kerosene was written in 1927 and was set in a small rural village in Punjab. It was originally written in Punj abi save was all translated in the 1960s. This story was much tragic that the other two stories as integrity of the briny references, Guleri, commit suicide. The way that Guleri kills herself is very tragic and shocking, as she seemed interchangeable a very happy and loved character. She kills herself by soaking herself in kerosene and setting herself alit. The effort behind Pritam putting this in is because she valued to change how ordering viewed and treated women. In the story the club Guleri lived in and their prospects of her were strongly to blame for the outcome of the story.In the Sikh religion both men and women are seen as equal in the religious scriptures. However although Sikh women capture right within the scriptures galore(postnominal) of the scriptures are up to individual interpretation. Most men see the women are their possessions and indeed many an(prenominal) men see it acceptable to shake more than wiz wife, as Manaks mother did, regardless of wh at their present wife may rally. There are many originators to why men may take a punt wife, the close common among the Sikh community at that time was because having more than champion wife would summation the wealth of a man due to the brides family giving the husband a gift when the marriage was secure.This was know as a dowry. Men also married a second wife to divulge an heir if their beginning wife was unable as it was the slip of paper in Stench of Kerosene. The story hints that the main reason behind Guleri committing suicide and the mother regarding Manak to pick up a second wife was that Guleri could not have children. Manaks mother role in society then was to bring up her children well and then to find a good young woman in law who could have children and carry on the family name. She was very narrow and did what society expected of her. She felt that her decision for bringing a new wife into the family was justified, as that was what society expected her to do. She had finishled her role and the expectation that society had put upon her and now she valued a daughter in law who would do the same.The mother was brought up and guided by the expectations of society and she felt that if she had bygone against what society had expected of her then she would have ultimately become an outcast as society would have seen it as her not fulfilling her role as a mother. Guleri on the other hand, did not see it as Manaks mother fulfilling her role, hardly saw her interference as a punishment for not macrocosm able to fulfil expectations put on her by society. In the Sikh religion babies are of great sizeableness and their birth is rejoiced by the family. The birth of a baby is seen as strengthening the stability of the marriage and ensuring the continuance of the family line. If a woman in the Sikh religion is unable to have children then she is unable to inherit land or bullion from her husband when he dies.They are seen as outcasts as they ar e not able to produce an heir. This meant that bearing children was an essential role of a Sikh woman and Guleri was unable to fulfil the role she was expected to and as a result Guleri was made to feel like a gross(a) outcast by society. A wife in the Sikh religion has two main roles they are to have children and to look after her family. Guleri could not fulfil all of her duties and was disregarded and seen as an outcast by her family and society, she was seen as damaged.The new wife probably made Guleri feel as though she was damaged goods and so she was replaced by a new and working model. When Guleri heard of the second wife she felt let protrude by her husband and like he had abandoned her because she could not have a child. She felt as though she was indebted to suffer for her inadequacies. She felt lonely and unloved as if she was impure and saw the only if way out as wipeout. The symbolism behind Guleris death highlights the violence of it compared to the Sikh idea of d eath as being like sleep. The way that Guleri chose to kill herself created a dramatic and shocking effect and was seen as primal and more painful. It symbolised how much pain emotionally that Guleri was in.When Manak heard what had happened to Guleri he was mute with pain. Manak could be seen as a coward and a fool for not being stronger and for not standing up to his mother when she told him about getting a new wife, but it can be seen as not all being Manaks fault as he was brought up traditionally. He new his role as a man and a husband that was to be a loyal husband and to find a wife who would produce an heir to the family. He was taught to respect and obey his parents.Manak wanted to retort, you are a woman why dont you war cry likeone for a change But he remained silent.However if Manak had gone against what his mother wanted then he too would have become an outcast to society for going against his elders and not fulfilling his role as a man.The new wife however was probabl y made to feel like an outcast by Manak, as he knew that no one could ever replace Guleri. But by his mother the new wife fit in with the family, as she got pregnant quickly. The mother said at one point that she had spent five hundred rupees on the new wife, and this was probably a lot of gold in those days, which suggests that some women married for money. This is similar in Pride and Prejudice as charlotte Lucas married Mr collins because of his money. And also in The Three Sisters, Mary chooses to embrace Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. This shows that the societies these stories are in are completely materialistic.Prtiam shows that the roles of women are completely dominated by men and society. It would be constitute to say that if societys beliefs had not been so enforced upon women then Manak and Guleris marriage would have survived. I believe this as Sikh women have only three main concerns in life and they are to get married and have children, to look their fa milies well and to get their children married off to good and wealthy families. This circle would therefore be enforced on many more generations to come and the main reason being is to have children.Stench of Kerosene had political reasons for it being published. Pritam saw that society needed to be changed and this story showed why and how women felt about was a stereotypical role of a Sikh woman was. The tone in which Pritam wrote this story was very serious and is not humorous at all, unlike Pride and Prejudice. She made it a serious story as Pritam felt very strongly about how women were portrayed and how they were rejected by society if they were unable to perform the roles that were expected of them. She wrote the story as a narrative and because of this we can see how Pritam feels about certain the roles of women. She uses objects to symbolise the characters emotions. She used the flute to tell us how Manak felt about Guleri leaving. thus putting the flute to his lips, blew a strange anguished wail.He expresses how he feels through the way he plays his flute, as he is unable to say it in words. Pritam gives us a more visual and make better understanding of the point that she wants to put across, by using emotive language, for exampleManak, mute with pain, could only gaze and feel his own lifeburning out.It gives us a more realistic feeling of the story and allows us to see just how devastated Manak is. We can tell that he is completely destroyed and go out neer get over what Guleri did. This is put across more clearly at the end when Manaks child is natural and when he holds him for the first time, he is not the happy and joyous father that one would expect but instead he,he shrieked hysterically, Take him away He stinks of kerosene.His reaction to his new child seems as though he feel guilty and somewhat responsible about what happened to Guleri. We can tell that what to Guleri did not only affect Manak but also the whole family, as the new wife f orget neer be loved by Manak and nor will the new child as he will eternally be a constant reminder to Manak of something that he could never have with Guleri and the reason for her death. He will also al slipway be very resentful towards his mother as she took away the one soulfulness he loved in the whole world with no mentation to the consequences, and most of all Manak will probably never be able to forgive himself.There was a lot of pressure on women in those days to have children if they did not have children the women would be rejected by society and most just wanted to fit in. If Guleri had tolerated Manak having a second wife and gone back to live with the family disdain this she would probably have been rejected.The Three Sisters was not published until quite awhile after it was written, in 1792. This story was set in London. The Three Sisters show that marriage was one of the only concerns of women in the 18th and nineteenth centuries. In Jane Austens time marriage w as more or less then only way out of the parental house. There was no real way for women to be on their own or to have independence in those days.There were no professional jobs open to women and the few that there were, such as being a governess, were not very highly regarded, and either did not pay well or had very poor working conditions. Pride and Prejudice and the Three Sisters show this well as both Mrs Bennet, the mother in Pride and Prejudice, and Mrs Stanhope, the mother in The Three Sisters, main concern was to get all their children married. how can you be so tiresome You must know that I am conceptualizeingof his marrying one of them. For I am find out not to let such an opportunity escape of settlingone of my Daughters do advantageously.In The Three Sisters the arrangement of marriage is portrayed like prostitution, in that the way Mrs Stanhope is quarrel over the price for Mary, and tries to get as much pin money for Mary from Mr Watts as she can. find the pin mone y two hundred a year.A hundred and seventy five madam. ii hundred indeed, Sir. Said my mother.Mrs Stanhope also seems as though she is pimping her other daughter in case Mr Watt does not like or want Mary.In The Three Sisters the only factor Mrs Stanhope takes into account and uses to form her confidence of Mr Watts is how wealthy he is. In this way Mrs Stanhope and Mrs Bennet are very similar as she too forms an opinion by how wealthy a man is. A single man of bountiful fortune four or five thousand a year.What a fine thing for our girlsShe is determined to have Mr Watts as part of her family as he was a good man to know. In Mrs Stanhopes opinion the reason that Mr Watts wanted to marry Mary was because he wishes to be allied to the family and the way for a man to become allied with a family was to marry one of the daughters. This applied very much in Mr Watts case he did not administer which daughter he married. Mrs Stanhope also wanted to be allied to Mr Watts as he had a high location in society than she did and if one of her daughters married him then their familys status would also go higher. This is a similar situation to Pride and Prejudice as Mrs Bennet wanted Mr collins to be allied with the family as he was quite a wealthy man and when Mr Collins proposed to Elizabeth Mrs Bennet put a lot of pressure on her to say yes by telling Elizabeth Yes, or I will never see her again.Mrs Stanhopes main role as a mother and in story was to have children, make sure they are taken care of well, look after their husbands and rule the home. Mrs Stanhope has a lot of power in this story as she is the one who decides which daughter shall get married and to whom. She could force one of her daughters to get married and they could not say no as it would be mocking to their mother. She exercises her power over her daughters when Mary is still trying to make up her mind over marry Mr Watts, by telling Mary that if she does not marry Mr Watts then Georgiana must.Mary is shown as I very materialistic and indecisive young girl. She marries Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. In letter one Mary tells us that she says Mr Watts is He is extremely disagreeable and I hate him more than any formelse in the world.Mary chooses to marry Mr Watts as sees it as a way of getting a higher status in society than the rest of her family. Which shows that she is similar to Lydia in Pride and Prejudice, as it seems as though she only married Mr Wickham to get a higher status than her family. Mrs Stanhope could easily push Mary into marring Mr Watts as Mary had made it very clear that she had wanted to get married before any of her sisters. I could not bear to have either of them married before me.Marys main role in society is to look after her husband and to have children to carry on the family. This is very similar to the society and the expectation of women in Stench of Kerosene. It is very clear that Mary has a one-track mind in that she is very unideal istic and feels as though Mr Watts should be grateful that she has accepted his proposal. She does not believe in marrying for love and thinks that if one of the correspond loves the other then there is no need for the other to love them back. when there is so much love on one side, there is no occasion forit on the other.The Three Sisters is serious, formal and shows a harsher portrayal of women. However it is quite humorous in places compared to Stench of Kerosene. It was written when Austen was only a stripling when she wrote it and she was probably entering the marriage market herself. The characters in the story were probably someone that Austen could relate to as she herself was a teenager and was having similar problems as her characters were.Austen could relate to her characters and she often hid her views and thoughts behind her characters mode and fictional expression writing. The story was quite controversial as it told us what women were like and how they really felt about issues then, but society was not interested about these things. Society looked smoothen on anyone that was seen to speak up for women and were thought of and seen as abnormal, and their name and reputation was often destroyed.Austen wrote the story in a letter form as it allows us to see the reaction of characters better as it is they who are describing how they feel and what they think. It also allows us to get to know the characters better however not as well as in Pride and Prejudice. The main difference between these two stories is that Pride and Prejudice focuss more the reasons for getting married and the consequences of actions that women took.Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813 and was set in Longbourne in Hertfordshire. Mrs Bennet is a stereotypical middle part woman in those days. She is materialistic, over dramatic and a gossip. These characteristics are portrayed in an exaggerated way. When we first meet Mrs Bennet we can see that she is a gossip. My dear, y ou must know, Mrs long says that Netherfield is takenby a young man of large fortune from north of EnglandMrs Bennet appears to be a similar character to Mrs Stanhope, all she wants is for all her daughters to be married and taken care of. Her main role is to take care of her family and make she that her children get married. In Pride and Prejudice the men hold most of the power and this is shown many occasions in the Bennet household by Mr Bennet. An unhappy alterative is before you, Elizabeth. From this youmust be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will neversee you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never seeyou again if you do.It is clear that Mr Bennet did not marry Mrs Bennet for love. We can assume that Mr Bennet probably only proposed to Mrs Bennet because as a young lady she was very pretty and that he probably never knew what she was like. He puts up with by not taking her seriously. Because of the way that Mr Bennet treats his wife their children have grown up not taking their mother seriously and not having much respect for her. This shows most of all in Elizabeth by the way she acts more or less her mother. Elizabeth is strong minded and a very opinionative young lady. She is also her fathers favourite daughter and often gives him advice, which he rarely takes.Elizabeth does not believe in getting married for love and does not think she would get married. Lydia on the other hand was exactly like her mother. She was emotional, immature, she does not think but acts on impulses, which nearly brings her to ruins. Lydia would cross all the boundaries and broke all the codes that society had set for women, this was shown when Lydia runs off with Mr Wickham and she does not think of the affect it would have on her family or the distress it may cause them. As it was not expected behaviour to run off and elope. Society looked down on it and it suggested that she had bad upbringing as she was disrespecting her parents by eloping. However in those days it was very important for a woman to get married, as that is what society expected of them. Unmarried women were a great burden to their families as they would have to live with their families or with family authorize protectors, as it was unheard of for an widowed woman to live by herself. Jane Austen, herself was a dependant as she was unmarried and was forced to live with relatives. Mary in Pride and Prejudice knew she would not get married as she was not as pretty as her other sisters so she concentrated on music and learning. married couple to women then was not all about getting away from their parents but was one of the only ways in which women could gain financial security. By marring, women were entitled to an allotment of money each year, called pin money. This money was to be spent as she wished but not for household necessities. However an unmarried woman would and could only inherit money form her family if she had no brothers as they lived on a patriarchy society, in which men hold the power and women were largely excluded from. In Pride and Prejudice and The Three Sisters, they both seem to be set in a patriarchy society as the men hold the power in both the stories. However in Stench of Kerosene the mother holds the most power in the story, which is unusual.The women that Austen wrote about were showed as foolish, materialistic, gossips and were only concerned about how other familys saw them and who the would get married to. These characteristics are different to the way that Pritam portrays women in her story she shows them as innocent, loving, obedient, and respectful to their family and husband, as Guleri shows when she fell in love with Manak. If you want me go and ask my father for my hand. Pride and Prejudice was more humorous than The Three Sisters was, it took a more satirical approach rather than political one to get its points across. Austen blamed the traditions of society through the humour of her characters .All three stories allow us to see that the roles of women have been the same over the centuries and that they are not changing very much in a hurry. They allow us to that men have continuously held a very powerful role in the home and the way in which a woman is brought is depending on how society expects them to act.Society have always judged women and enforced their rules and boundaries upon them. If those rules are broken they are looked down upon and would be ultimately be outcast them.

Marketing Mix Apple Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix orchard apple tree EssayIn the economy, the merchandise has an important position which decides virtually the success of the company or the brand. Most of well-known brands in the world overly have a good marketing plan orchard apple tree is the best example for having excellent marketing strategies. In this essay, the marketing mix strategy of orchard apple tree will be discussed to understand how Apple makes their high value in more details.The first thing to take account into marketing mix strategy is the proceeds. As already known, Apple is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sell consumer electronics, computer sofware, and personal computers. Apple provides the node a wide range of product that covers many field of engine room. For instance, the most special dodge of Apple is Apple Macintosh, they have many kinds of Mac with many different size and options of configuration. Moreover, I Pod was known as the first mp3 player of the world. It is not barely the mp3 player but also the symbol of music fashion.Until now, IPod motionless affects gradually to market of mp3 players. In addition, in the last five years, Apple has created new-brand market for smartphone with their special product IPHONE. From IPhone 2G, 3G, 3Gs, 4G, 4Gs to 5G, IPhone always make a rangy wave to the technology world. That proves products of Apple always have significant range to the technological market. What is more, another invention of Apple that also makes a new move of technology is IPAD. It leads for a new century of anovulatory drug. Now IPad may be known as the best tablet in many customers s mind. Beside that, Apple gives their customer many other products such as iTunes, accessories, and service.Second, hurt also is important part of marketing mix strategy. The price of all products of Apple is now down(p) compared to their competitors products price but there is a reason fo r this issue. Apple is the premium brand that does not compete on price. They may dominate the market even though their price may be quite high in some countries. Generally, Apple is proud that their products is junction between technology and liberal arts so they not just sell products, they sell art. IPhone, Ipad, and IPod also are symbol of fashion. In conclusion, the price of Apples product is made for their customers value.The next is place. Apples headquater is located at Infinite Loop, Curpetino, California. They have over 200 retails round the world. Major cities have at least three big stores, more important, the customer not only purchase products but only can test them, receive supported imformation, and they may not grease ones palms products if they do not want. This is the key of success of Apple to satisfy their customer.Finally, promotion create difference of Apples marketing mix strategy. Apple just use launching new product to labour their products with their g reat ability of presentation of Apple CEO Steve Jobs. Moreover, Apple does not join CES exhibition or any advertising. In addition, Apple made a big unchangeable symbol in customer, therefore, the customer always compare their product to their competitorss prodcuts. It is indirect to promote for Apple. Beside that, the online Apple store offers free charge for the orders over $50, iTunes gift card, and special discount for refunished products.In conclusion, marketing mix strategy creates the brand of Apple. in that location is a wide range of product such as Iphone, Ipad, Ipod, and Mac with suiable price for their prenium brand. They have big network of great retail and unique promotion.Referencewww.wikipedia.comwww.marketingteacher.com

The Price of Greatness Is Responsibility Essay Example for Free

The Price of Greatness Is Responsibility EssayIn his first few long time in office, President Barack Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U. S. military to develop plans to withdraw armament from Iraq, while he could have let the US military continue devastating that part of the bena on the basis of false allegations made by the previous senator. Our public figures are non solo well known, but admired and loved. However, with their fame and greatness come great expectations from us, the public. Under their seemingly exotic outside shell and fame, they are simply ordinary people like the common man on the street. in time in literature, public figures are faces with expectations of being perfect. For example, in To Kill a Mockingbird by harpist Lee, Atticus Finch is a well-known local lawyer. He has an overall good reputation, and he is a very learned man however, one day, he chooses to defend a black man in a case against a white man. Th e black man is convicted of raping the white mans daughter, and level off though all charges are approach towards the white man lying, the black man is proven guilty.Atticus Finch receives a lot of horror for his decision to face someone who is unlike him, and his children also hear a lot from the citizens of their town. The citizens of his town unendingly thought of him as someone who they could look up to, but when he defies their initial trust with something that they could not even imagine, they start degrading him. In this way, the public expects a lot from their public figures, be fare they inspire it to ingest others in the same way.Winston Churchill once said If the people of the United States had continued in a fairish station, struggling with the wilderness, absorbed in their own affairs, and a factor of no consequence in the forepart of the world, they might have remained forgotten and undisturbed beyond their protecting oceans but one cannot rise to be in many way s the leading community in the civilized world without being knotted in its problems, without being convulsed by its agonies and inspired by its causes. It is also evident that public figures are faced with many expectations in everyday life.For instance, the current American president, Barack Obama. It is already extremely difficult to actually be president, but Obama is, arguably, president during one of the hardest times in history. He has been ruling us through a difficult recession, capture of a very dangerous terrorist, and just hard times in general. However, even though he is most likely trying his hardest in order to be a lucky president, he has to always be careful because even a minor slip-up can cause citizens to stop believing in him as a success.

Project Scope and Charter Essay Example for Free

Project chain and carry EssayThe first phase of any catch is the initiation phase. This phase commences when some type of line of reasoning issue or opportunity is identified bringing about a proposal attend to gain or address the issue or opportunity. The main deliverable of this phase is the project plight, which contains a openhanded sight of what the project is about, who is involved, why the project is being conducted and how when the project will be carried out. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Once the charter is approved the project can move into the planning phase, which is where the charter is used to identify the scope of the project. This w on the wholepaper will examine the relationship between project scope and charter and highlight the benefits of each.Project pick outThe project charter is a short document that serves as an informal contract between the project team and the sponsor of the project. (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg 84) This document contains only enough de tail to get the project approved so it can move into the planning phase. Project Management Professional, Ritchie Hughes describes the charter as a representation of the view from 3000 meters. The project charter is usually drawn up by the Project Manager and team, or, in instances where a Project Manager has not yet been assigned, the project sponsor will complete the charter.Hughes explains that the functions of the why touch offition of the charter are to ensure the correct individuals will be consulted (e.g. stakeholders and governance), projects that are linked or aquiline on the project in question are identified, the organization has enough resources (internally or externally) to complete the project, a business case for the organization is conveyed and that all the information is provided to support the executive team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Approval of the charter grants endorsement to the project manager to go through with the project and utilize the allotted budget or resources for the project activity. As the charter approval is the Go/No Go decision for the project, a non-approval means resultant role of the project. (Hughes Lecture, 2013)ScopeApproval of the project charter signifies the transition into the planning phase of the project. A critical part of the planning phase is identifying the scope of the project. Project scope is defined as the playact that must be performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions. (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg. 142) Ritchie Hughes explained that scope can also mean the inwardness of products, services and results to be provided as a project. The benefits of scope are that the work to be performed is clarified, listed and any work not to be completed (outside the projects scope) is identified. Scope is also a useful implement in managing expectations and countermanding assumptions among stakeholders and the project team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013)Scope CreepA common issu e when managing a projects scope is dealing with scope creep. Scope creep can be defined as the especial(a) deliverables that can creep into a project. (Collegiate Projects, 2013, pg. 1) These project improvements can be very hard to avoid barely may have a major effect on the projects budget, timing or quality. Projects that may be susceptible to scope creep should have a scope change wariness plan that contains a definition of scope change for the project, a process for submitting and reviewing scope changes, documentation necessary for the change process and a tool to track change requests and their resolutions. (Collegiate Projects, 2013, pg. 2,3) An understanding by both parties (project team and sponsor) of scope creep and its effects on the project, and an organized management plan will military service avoid scope creep that may negatively affect the projects success.ConclusionIn the primeval stages of project management, two very important aspects are the project char ter and scope of the project. Not all projects need a charter but understanding and managing the scope of a project will help the project team effectively complete the project in time and budget without Gold surface.ReferencesKloppenborg, T. J. (2012). Contemporary project management organize, plan, perform (2nd ed.). Mason, Ohio South-Western Cengage Learning. (2013). Managing Scope Creep. Collegiate Project Services, 1, 1-3.Hughes, R. (Director) (2013, January 31). Project Initiation Scope Charters. Bus 427. Lecture conducted from Tom Rippon, Victoria.

The changes in Education Essay Example for Free

The neuters in direction EssayThis week it was announced by ministers that A levels and GCSEs in secondary tutors ordain be replaced by a baccalaureate. baccalaureate mental testings atomic number 18 already used in France, Ger many another(prenominal) and the United States of America. The government are hoping to start this system in family line 2004.A Levels were first introduced in the 1950s and GCSEs were introduced when O levels were phased let step forward in the 1980s and let caused a outstanding deal discussion and many arguments by Head teachers and Education ministers during the last few old age. The education secretaire said that A Levels were too narrow and exclusive.If there is going to be an English version of the Baccalaureate it will make things far easier to need at universities abroad because they would understand the qualification that a educatee in Britain would achieve.Recently AS Levels stick out been introduced by many schools across th e country. This has given a schoolchild the opportunity of choosing up to 5 subjects to study for one year and then dropping one or two of these subjects before continuing with the remaining ones. This gives the pupil a much broader education as they are not scarcely studying for the same 3 subjects during the two years of studying.I am not true if these exams find been a success because e rattlingone moans about them as students produce to take continuous examinations. alter at schools must always cause complaints because it is very hard after so many years to adjust to new rules. Heads of schools have to change the way their teachers educate the pupils, and new guidelines have to be carried out nationally. This must be very disruptive during the first couple of years for both students and pupils participating in this scheme, and after the fiasco this year with the marking of them, I do wonder if change is a good enough thing.Education is changing rapidly, and we will know b y the end of the year if the Baccalaureate will by all odds be in force. The Baccalaureate will include English, Maths, and attainment and then students will be fitting to choose from a range of academician and practical courses. Work experience will be a must for anyone who takes the exam as will voluntary take a shit. If the baccalaureate is introduced there will be few exams and more internal assessment.This will give a student much more of an all roofy education, and would be more alter on a day to day basis. This would make education much more original and personal, and could be tailor made for each individual pupil. This I am sure would make the normal school day far less boring. I would pick up an opportunity equivalent this. I think every student should participate in voluntary break. This would give everyone a candidate to help another(prenominal)s and would save money for local councils, as it would have to employ less paid staff.The Baccalaureate will have t o be accepted by all the Universities, in England and abroad, especially in Europe, and have the support from future employers, especially those in industry, otherwise this new exam will not work in Britain. It is yet to be pertinacious what it will include. But it will change the way 14 to 19 year olds are taught. Ministers and Headmasters think that this is the most significant way forward and it will be the biggest change education has seen for years. There would be different levels of attainment. As yet they have not ascertaind what these levels will be called but it is likely that they will be along the lines of foundation, intermediate and advanced.Mathematics, English and Science and Information Technology will be positive for GCSE and pupils will have to be educated in Sex Education, Physical Education and Religious Education. Pupils will alike have to study citizenship. At cardinal years of age pupils will be free to drop many other subjects, which have been compulsory in the National Curriculum, including History, Geography, Art and Music. These subjects will now only be optional.College training will be offered locally on a one or two day a week basis. daylight release would also be avail adapted to some pupils. With employers so that they could gain skills, which they would never be commensurate to achieve at shew at their school.It would also give a pupil the chance to decide if they enjoyed college, wanted to work or pursue a different field all together. I welcome this, and think that the more choices offered the discontinue. If I personally cannot have these choices I hope my younger sister will be able to benefit from the new curriculum.There are big shortages of trained engineers, technicians, hairdressers and plumbers at present and by doing these new regimes of studying, pupils will have a much better chance of future employment. legion(predicate) students are bored by school education and would welcome the chance to study somethi ng more vocational, and perchance this would keep them at school until 19 rather than leaving at 16 with very few qualifications and no prospects of a job. Also if a student enjoys his or her day release, a job magnate be offered there and then for the participating pupil, and the employer would then be obtaining an apprentice that knew what he was doing. On the other hand employers will only be able to offer a limited number of jobs and this whitethorn leave a large percentage of unemployed students with very few qualifications.These work related GCSEs would be renamed and would combine both academic studies and more practical work they will be tried out across the country in various schools this coming September. Industry will benefit from this as many more students will be trained in the relevant work and not just knowing from a class without any experience.Another change on the way is the way that the league tables for exam results are calculated. It will show the difference between advantaged and disadvantaged pupils at each school. Each school throughout the country will then be awarded a grade from A to E depending on their excellence or their failures. This is meant to be much more understandable and will offer more info to parents choosing schools for their childrens future education. People need to know the correct facts, and by changing the tables slightly, this will offer just that.Before the league tables were started several years ago, it was virtually impossible to obtain information about how fountainhead or how badly pupils had faired in their exams at school. So in my opinion the tables have been a great help. Also by printing these tables in all the newspapers, it has been made everyone aware of the academic successes of schools around the country.This also has meant that everyone is aware of the schools that have done very badly academically and this has made the government enforce an rise during a certain period of time, or they have threatened closure and/or a change of management. This must be good for education in the future. It can only improve schools especially those in disadvantaged areas, where expectations of pupil performance is low.Every student should be aware of poor teaching and academic successes and although it might not always be possible to enter the school of your choice, it will enforce better education at all schools around the country and hopefully the worst offenders will be greatly improved or shut down.All students whether in Independent Education or State Education should be offered the same curriculum with the choice of vocational subjects. Employers must welcome these changes as well.I have enjoyed my education, and am looking forward to furthering it, but would have preferred a much more varied curriculum. I have a job on a Saturday which has given me an insight into retail, and have secured work experience in a large organisation in the summer which will be very interesting for me. But although I know I want to study art I have no idea in which area I would like to continue and if I had been able to study in a more practical manner, maybe I would be more knowledgeable, and more able to progress in the appropriate area.

To explore the ways aspects of power are shown in the poem Essay Example for Free

To explore the ways aspects of index are shown in the verse EssayThis poem is a dramatic monologue just about a woman whose lover is cheating on her with his mistress Pauline. The woman who is speaking talks about her emotional states of hatred and betrayal, so she decides to show her lover how much she is hurt by poisoning his mistress and devising him watch her die slowly. Robert brownings poem was set in the ancient regime when women were fantasy of as incapable and a lower class because of their gender. She feels that she deserves power and therefore wants control of everything she does this is portrayed by the language that he uses. The language in the laboratory is very imprintive.Robert Browning uses techniques such as beginning rhyme to emphasise different moods in the poem such as moisten, mash up thy powder the head rhyme in this case is effective because it sounds angry and gives the poem a more venomous feel. This relates to the poem because it reminds us t hat a poison is being made. The structure of the laboratory reminds the reader of a list. This is excessively evident in some of the language. The line A signet, a fan-mount, a filigree basket portrays that she has sentiment things and shows her determination to kill. It is also very logical which coiffe the reader question her sanity.I call up that Robert Browning structured the poem like this to make sure that we dont feel sympathy for her as she is shown as a cold killer. Robert Browning uses a technique called enjambment in the lines with her head/ and her breast and her arms and her workforce should drop dead. This technique is an effective form of structure because it forces the reader to read it quickly which in effect speeds up the pace of the poem. Robert browning apply this technique to make the poem more dramatic and also enables the reader to get to the end of the poem when Pauline will be killed.The poet uses repetition throughout the poem to create the image of insanity and paranoia. While they laugh-laugh at me is used to make the reader believe that she is fruity from the thought of her lover cheating on her. The word laugh is effective because it indicates to the reader that she is beyond feeling heartache and her rage has blinded her into paranoia. The punctuation has a wide job role in the Laboratory. It is used for pace as the commas are slowing the pace down in contrast to the language and poetical techniques which are speeding it up. The role of the punctuation is particularly illustrated in the lines Quickis itfinished? The colours too disgraceful / Why not soft like the phials, enticing and dim? . This quote shows that the language picked was cleverly thought out as it makes the reader want to read faster, and the punctuation slows the reader again and slows the pace to make it more dramatic and tense. Throughout the poem the narrator talks about how she want to kill Pauline and how she will feel when she does it, but in this quote near the end of the poem it says Let it net her drink, let her turn it and stir, /And try it and taste, ere she fix and prefer this suggests that Pauline would not realise that the poison is in her glass and would taste it and stir the drink more to make it taste better and subsequently riffle the poison in her glass therefore leading to her own death. In conclusion, I believe that Robert Browning uses all these techniques to engage the reader and make them feel the pain of the narrator. Through this poem I get down learnt that power can go to peoples head if they use it wrongly. Throughout the essay I have been piece about Robert Brownings unique way of fructifyting the reader into the writing. He also uses techniques to put emotion and life into the poem.Life in the 1800s was all about power and funds the more money you had the more power and influence you had. It was hard for women to be noticed as an equal because in those time women were known as the lesser specie s so had no power and were property to their father until marriage when they would be transferred to the husband. Women had no say in social matters or had any influence in the community. I believe Robert Browning was trying to say that women still have emotions and are equally strong physically and mentally which is shown in the well planned out murder in the poem.

Organic Foods in India Essay Example for Free

natural fertiliser Foods in India EssayPurpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the featurers decision-making process for bargain for of ingrainedally produced pabulums in India Design/methodology/approach Using already existing research model and scale, forming hypothesis, and testing its hardness in Indian context. Using convenient sampling (Tier 1, 2 B school Graduates) to gather selective information for factor loading. Type of query Descriptive Research Introduction Organic production governance is a system that produces essential regimens in harmony with nature and the environs.In other words, this is a unique system which ensures that the top hat practices in the argona of production ar utilized to ensure that the output is a salubrious and safe apart from having a validating symbiotic effect with the surroundings. Thus, one can say in lay mans terms that an organic pabulum product is one that has been produced using exclusively natural a gents in the production process. For the vast majority of charitable history, nutriment has been produced organically.It was only during the 20th no.e candy that new synthetic chemicals were introduced to the solid pabulum supply. Under organic production process, the function of conventional non-organic pesticides, insecticides and herbicides is heavily regulated. In the case of livestock, they are reared without the routine use of antibiotics and growth hormones. Scenario in India Organic victualss are fast changing from a fad to a serious proposition in India. Today, the reach of organic foods is expanding to gradually witness its way into the average Indian household.An indicative reason for the same is the rising wellness consciousness among Indian consumers. Pegged at Rupees 6. 5 billion in 2010, the organic food market is witnessing the shift from being an elitist to a red-blooded product. Although production and spending conditions for organic food in India are w ay behind the populace average, the market is now showing signs of a strong growth trend. S graduation gearly the deterrent of high determine is being out-weighed by nutrition, flavor and a chance to shape a safe environment.The organic food products market has been continuously facing the issue of absence of recognizable brands, small range of products, high prices and improper government policies and a general lack of retail presence which has translated to low demand in the national market. In spite of this industry players are optimistic most the future prospects, as they are of the horizon that this industry holds a lot of promise. The export industry remains undeveloped with intimately producers being all small or marginal farmers, small cooperatives or trade fair companies.The small farmers, scattered crosswise the country, offer an incomplete product range that are mostly available as a local anaesthetic brand. This is especially an issue in developed countries where the shelves of an average supermarket is stocked with a large range of restricted organic foods. Problem Statement The question on everyones mind is where exactly is the organic food industry falling short? What are the main factors that influence a consumers decision to get organic foods? The fact of the matter is that this area has suffered from lack of interest/attention and a very low level of research.Thus, our Problem Statement is as follows What influences the decision to sully organic food products in India? Research objective The purpose of this assignment is to understand the primary influencers that motivate our target study group of individuals belong to the upper middle-class category in their decision to deprave organic foods products in India. Since the students of the top B-Schools either belong to or exit be a part of the aforementioned category and go forth be set-backing new families, they are part of core prospective customer division for this mar ket.Hence, we have distinct to focus our research on them. Literature Review Scope This research study focuses on apprehensiveness the primary influencers motivate our subjects (individuals from the upper middle class category) to debase organic foods. Students of B-Schools are from diverse backgrounds and origins. near belong to the upper middle class category and we can safely assume that those that arent entrust be a part after they graduate. Moreover, they are also in that stage of life where they start a family of their own and assume additional personal responsibilities.This makes them appropriate subjects for this study. This study volition analyse their responses with lever to knowledge about and attitude towards organic food, and their sensitivity to the health and environmental benefits associated with it. Sources and their Details Honkanen, P. ( two hundred6), ethical value and motives driving organic food pickax, diary of Consumer Behaviour , 5, pp. 420-430 The paper tries to investigate the reference of respectable motives in consumers choice of organic food.The relation between good food choice motives, attitudes and pattern to consume organic food was studied by estimating a structural equation model. We were able to comprehend ethical motives better and were thus able to incorporate it under environmental Consciousness. Donovan, P. , McCarthy R. (2002), Irish Consumer preference for organic core group, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 zero(prenominal) 3/4/5, pp. 353-370 The paper tries to examine Irish perception of organic amount of money. It identified three consumer groups. Beliefs and purchase intentions of consumers and non-consumers were differentiated.Proposed factors leading to purchase intention were Health Consciousness, Perceived value, Income and environmental concern. later validation checks they had had to make the constructs less abstracts due to low value. Aertsens, J. , Verbeke, W. , Mondelaers, K. , and Huylenb roeck, G. V. (2009), Personal determinants of organic food inspiration a review, British Food Journal, Vol. 111 nary(prenominal) 10, pp. 1140-1167 It uses theliterature concerning personal determinants of organic food consumption. This is the ?rst paper providing a across-the-board overview and linking the literature on organic food consumption to the values theory and the theory of planned behaviour, including the role of personal norm and focusing on emotions. The proposed integration of mental processing in an organic food consumption model leads to interesting hypotheses and recommendations for policy makers, researchers and stakeholders involved in the organic food market. Padel, S. , Foster, C. (2005), Exploring the gap betweenattitudes and behaviour, apprehensiveness why consumers buy or do notbuyorganic food, British Food Journal, Vol.107 No. 8, pp. 606-625 Its results show that most consumers associate organic at ? rst with vegetables and fruit and a healthy diet with o rganic products. Fruit and vegetables are also the ? rst and in many cases only experience with buying organic product. The decision-making process is complex and the magnificence of motives and barriers may vary between product categories. The motives and barriers provided herein helped us in adapting the survey questionnaire. Baker, S. (2004), Mapping the values driving organic food choice, Germany vs the UK, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 No.8, pp. 995-1012.This study explores the reasons why the behaviour of consumers in the UK and Germany has been so divergent despite both groups of consumers holding similar attitudes about organic foods. This was done by investigating the underlying values driving food choice behaviour using room-end theory and Laddermap 5. 4 software. The dominant means-end hierarchies were uncovered and the cognitive process mapped. drawframe Makatouni, A. (2002), What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? , Results from a quantitative study , British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp.345-352 Its main objectives are to identify beliefs, with respect to organic food, of parents who buy and do not buy organic food the positive as well as negative attitudes towards organic food of those who buy and do not buy organic food the impact of those attitudes on food choice for parents who buy and do not buy organic food and to model the food choice behaviour of parents with respect to organic food. It employs both soft and quantitative methods. This paper also uses the means-end chain approach. The key idea is that product attributes are a means for consumers to obtain desired ends.It provides a very detailed means end chain which helped us end some aspects of our questionnaire. Magistris, T. , Gracia, A. (2008), The decision to buy organic food products in Southern Italy, British Food Journal , Vol. 110 No. 9, pp. 929-947 Its findings provide more evidence on consumers underlying motivations to buy organic food to th e already existing evidence in Europe to evaluate the future implementation of the Regulation (EC) no. 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products.In addition to this the empirical results would help local policy makers to establish appropriate market strategies to develop the future demand for these products. It indicates that consumer attitudes towards organic food, in token towards the health attribute and towards the environment are the most important factors that explain consumers decision-making process for organic food products.It has been found that larger information on the organic food market, which drives to a higher consumers organic food knowledge, is important because it positively in?uences consumers attitudes towards organic food products. It also that consumer who try to follow a healthy diet and balance life are probably to have more positive attitudes towards organic food products and towards the environment, inducing a more likely intention to purchase organic foods.This paper provided with the adequate morphological equation model. It also possessed the relevant constructs and variables which could be easily competent to Indian requirements. Since for the target segment of our paper income is not an issue, it proved easy to adapt to the theoretical model according to our needs.The questionnaire has been validated, which has been duly adapted by us. Outcome Through this study we hope to drawing links between knowledge about and attitude towards organic food, and their sensitivity to its health and environmental benefits and the decision to buy it. Also, we can gauge as to which are the primary contributors to the purchase decision. This can go a long way in component a player in the organic food industry understand the market and position himself fittingly to achieve success.Research framework and hypothesis specification A study on the food choice is a complex phenomenon that represents one of the most important parts of human behavior, where several cognitive and behavioural factors can vary sharply between individuals. In other words, whether the consumers intent or decide to purchase organic foods is a difficult task because it depends on many factors that cannot be directly observed.Thus found on the above mentioned paper by Magistris, T. , Gracia, A.(2008), it can be conclude that the more favorable health and environmental attitudes consumers have, the more likely they will buy organic food product. In accordance with this, the first hypothesis of the proposed model is defined as follows venture1 When consumers attitudes towards organic food (H1-a) and towards the environment (H1-b) are positive, consumers intention to buy organic food products will also be more likely to be positive. Hypothesis 2 When a consumer has higher organic food knowledge, he/she will be more likely to have positive attitudes towards organic food products.Hypothesis 3 Consumers lifestyles ti e in to healthy diet and balanced life influence internal factors of consumers, such as, attitudes towards organic foods (H3a) and attitudes towards the environment (H3b) during the decision process to buy organic food products. Proposed Research Model drawrect drawrect drawrect Explanation of factors and observed variables Intention to purchase organic foods Intention is the cognitive representation of a persons readiness to perform a given behaviour, and it is considered the immediate antecedent of behaviour.Findings from many studies reveal that consumers attitudes towards different organic food attributes (human health, safety, etc. ) and towards the environment are the most important factors that explain consumers decision-making process for organic food products. Organic knowledge noesis It indicated the knowledge the consumer possesses about organic food Definition Does the consumer know that, _Organic foods are produced without the use of conventional pesticides, arti? cial fertilizers, human waste, or sewage sludge_? Healthy diet and balanced life Exercise Processed food.Fruits and vegetables Red meat Additive free Health check ups Balanced life The observed variables are self-explanatory environmental attitudes Pollution Belief that the current developmental path and consumeristic culture will end up destroying the environment Damage It quantifies the feeling that unless we do something the damage to the environment will be irreversible. Conservation Describes whether one performs hothouse tasks. Recycled Preference for consuming recycled products Recycling Whether one pertains in recycling of products Attitudes towards organic food products.Health Does on believe that organic products are healthier? Quality Do organic products have superior prime(a)? Taste Are organic products are more tasty? Research Methodology Data will be collected from a survey conducted across the top B-Schools of the country. It is our opinion that the budding managers fro m these institutions are (or will be) part of our target group of affluent customers for organic food products. The ? nal sample will include 200 students selected through convenience sampling.This method has a reputation of being less reliable but it is the best suited due to its convenience and low cost. Moreover, it is known to work with a sample that contains students. A questionnaire will be designed to analyze the knowledge of organic food, attitudes towards organic foods and purchase behavior of the selected students. The ? rst question was related to their knowledge on organic food products. The second set of questions comprised of those related to organic food consumption (consumption level, intention) purchase, frequency of purchase, perceived quality, place of purchase, etc.).The third and final question includes several questions on consumers attitudes towards organic food products and environmental aspects. The questionnaire also contains questions on socio-demographic characteristics (i. e. sex, family size and composition, age, education, income and lifestyles). The questionnaire format will be validated using a small pilot survey before being administered to the students. Questionnaire Would I buy organic food products? How will you rate your knowledge on organic food products?What is your opinion on Organic foods are produced without the use of conventional pesticides, arti?cial fertilizers, humanwaste, or sewage sludge ? I do exercise regularly I eliminate consume processed food I often eat fruit and vegetables I avoid eating food products with additives I take regular health check-ups I try to have an organized and methodical lifestyle Is the current development path is destroying the environment?Unless we do something, environmental damage will be irreversible I practice environmental conservation tasks I prefer consuming recycled products I partake in product recycling Organic products are healthier Organic products have superior quality Organic products are more tasty Activity and time based plan Data abridgment/The Data abbreviation will be carried out on the valid survey responses obtained from the respondent jackpot to which the survey is administered to. We will be using SPPS 17. 0 to carry out various correlation tests to figure out what factors affect the intention to buy organic foods and also what sub-factors affect them. This will also give us to point out which all factors show strong correlations and which all show less correlations.Bibliography Honkanen, P.(2006), Ethical values and motives driving organic food choice, Journal of Consumer Behaviour , 5, pp. 420-430 Donovan, P. , McCarthy R. (2002), Irish Consumer preference for organic meat, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 353-370 Aertsens, J. , Verbeke, W. , Mondelaers, K. , and Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2009), Personal determinants of organic food consumption a review, British Food Journal, Vol. 111 No. 10, pp. 1140-1167 Magistris, T. , Gracia, A. (2008), The decision to buy organic food products in Southern Italy, British Food Journal , Vol.110 No. 9, pp. 929-947 Padel, S. , Foster, C. (2005), Exploring the gap between attitudes and behaviour, Understanding why consumers buy or do not buy organic food, British Food Journal, Vol. 107 No. 8, pp. 606-625 Baker, S. (2004), Mapping the values driving organic food choice, Germany vs the UK, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 No. 8, pp. 995-1012 Makatouni, A. (2002), What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? , Results from a quantitative study , British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 3/4/5, pp. 345-352 Zanoli, R. and Naspetti, S.(2002), Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food a means-end approach, British Food Journal, Vol.104 No. 8, pp. 643-53. Yiridoe, E. K. , Bonti-Ankomah, S. and Martin, R. C. (2005), Comparison of consumers perception towards organic versus conventionally produced foods a review and update of the literature, renewable Agri culture and Food System, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 193-205. 10. Soler, F. , Gil, J. M. and Sanchez, M. (2002), Consumers acceptability of organic food in Spain results from an data-based action market, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 No. 8,pp. 670-87. 11. Connor, R., Douglas, L. (2001), Consumer attitudes to organic foods, Nutrition Food Science, Vol. 31, Issue5 12. Grunert, S. C. and Juhl, H. J. (1995), Values, environmental attitudes, and buying of organic foods, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 16, pp. 39-62. 13. Chinnici, G. , DAmico, M. and Pecorino, B. (2002), A multivariate statistical analysis of the consumers of organic products, British Food Journal, Vol. 104 Nos 3/4/5, pp. 187-99. 14. Shepherd, R. , Magnusson, M. and Sjoden, P. O. (2005), Determinants of consumer behaviour related to organic foods, Ambio, Vol. 34 Nos 4-5, pp. 352-9.