Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Begging in India Essay

Begging in India is a fashion, a compulsion, a profession, a privilege and a recreation. The number of beggars in India is much larger than in other countries. Our heads hang down in shame when we read description of this institution given by foreigners in a hateful manner. To the Westerners, India is a land of the mendicants and snake-charmers. Beggars are found in villages and towns, on roads, crossings and footpaths. But their favorite haunts are bathing Ghats, temples, religious or festival fairs, railway stations, trains and bus-stands. It is a big nuisance to be confronted by street beggars at all odd places. Like the God Almighty they seem to be omnipresent. You are waiting for a bus at the bus-stand or walking down a road with your friend, they appear from nowhere and start an endless volley of entreaties and blessings. They follow you close at your heels and keep pestering you till you give them some coins out of a sense of sheer disgust and helplessness. There are various types of beggars in India. The religious; beggars cluster round pilgrim centres and attract public attention by their wonderful feats. There are crippled and disabled beggars who remain lying on road-sides or at railway or river bridges arousing sympathy of the passers-by, making all kinds of pitiful gesture! ; There are beggars who are quite stout and able-bodied. Begging for them is not a necessity but a profession. They are idlers and rascals who are unwilling to earn their bread by hard work. They often operate in gangs and their leaders hold a bank balance that would be credit to an important business magnate. They are disguised as physically disabled or handicapped. They use as tools young women with new born babies or young children. Whenever they find an opportunity, they commit thefts and crimes, including kidnapping of children. At some places we come across modernized beggars dressed in suits. Such beggars lead a luxurious life in places of retirement. There are travelling beggars who are particularly seen in trains. The collect alms for orphanages, cow-shelters and widow-shelters, which exist only in their minds. Foreigners are their most privileged victims. Begging in India has developed into an art and a full-fledged profession. The practice of begging is the result of the poverty of the country and the deep-seated religious sentiments and superstitions of our country men. Unemployment, illiteracy, ignorance and ever-increasing population are other causes of begging. It cannot be denied that the distribution of wealth is not fair and the gulf between the rich and the poor is very wide. The rich and the well to-do accept extreme poverty and begging as a necessary feature of society. Religion seems to teach them that charity is the surest passport to heaven. Beggars, in themselves are problems and they create other social problems by kidnapping women and children; Sometimes, we begin to doubt the integrity of spiritually and morally high persons and ill treat them because pink clothes have become the common dress of beggars in India. Charity, in our country, enjoys religious sanctity. But it is conveniently forgotten that misplaced charity is good neither for the one who shows it nor for one to whom it is shown. It encourages idleness and in activity. It produces parasites and wastes a sizeable amount of human power. Laws should be legislated for abolishing begging and offenders should be severely dealt with. The government should be establish work-houses where able-bodied beggars should be kept and compelled to work. The people, in general, should be made conscious of the fact that beggars are the ‘greatest enemies of the country and there should be country wide agitations against beggars. The crippled and disabled beggars should be maintained by the State, The disabled and diseased beggars and orphaned children and destitute women deserve particular attention from the State. There should be asylums and training centres for such people. Here they should first be treated for their ailments and then trained in different kinds of handicrafts and cottage industries. The success of some of the schools for the blind, the deaf and the dumb shows the true solution of the problem. In place of individual charity, funds and donation should be raised on a large and organized scale for the relief of these unfortunate people. Indeed, beggary if so intricately women into our way of life that, no matter how corrupt and scheming it gets, it shall continue to claim attention. If not from the educated, from the illiterate and the superstitious. Tragedy stares at us round every corner. Begging is one of the worst social evils that denegrade India in the eyes of the world. The earlier it is eradicated, the better it would be in the interest of our nation.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Christian Science Monitor Essay

An article in the Christian Science Monitor last January tries to educate consumers about the value of carbon offset programs and whether they have any real effect on global warming. The article, published January 10, 2007, discusses the concept of carbon offsets and the efforts of some companies to become carbon neutral. The ideal are based on the idea that as consumers we emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases or are responsibility for having been emitted. In an effort to reduce that amount, the so-called â€Å"Carbon footprint†, consumers are being offered the chance to buy â€Å"carbon offsets†, a process by which a company takes some action to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases being emitted. If enough offsets are purchased, the person or company can become â€Å"carbon neutral† meaning that their actions are not increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the world. This article, â€Å"Do Carbon Offsets Live Up to Their Promise? †, is about the first report by someone trying to evaluate whether this is a good environmental effort or a giant fraud. The report, by the non-profit organization Clean Air-Cool Planet, argues that three-quarters of the 30 companies currently selling carbon offsets are doing a less than mediocre job of it. The companies were ranked on a scale of 1 to 10, 75 percent ranked less than a five. The article also details what criteria were used to evaluate the carbon offset programs. The intended reader of this article is the highly-informed readership of the Christian Science Monitor. The newspaper is one of the most well-respected in the country for journalistic excellence and assumes a certain amount of base knowledge in its readership. As such, the article could have been better at explaining some of the basic terms it used, but appeared to be scientifically accurate. Surprisingly, many of the article’s sources were people active in the environmental community. This would seem like an inherent bias in the article, but many of those people were willing to point out flaws in the carbon offset system. One representative of the Sierra Club told the Monitor that if carbon offsets were viewed like papal indulgences and people used them as an excuse to keep polluting, they could potentially be harmful to the planet. The article was also peppered with scientific facts including the idea that methane is a more dangerous greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide without feeling like a science lecture. This article made me angry because it seemed to make it clear that carbon offsets are a sham. The article indicated that one criteria of the evaluation done by Clean Air-Cool Planet was to determine how many of these greenhouse gas reducing activities would have taken place regardless of whether the offsets were purchased. For companies who use producing alternate fuel sources as a carbon offset, it appears that this new trend is simply a way to capitalize their projects and make even more money. Other companies called planting trees their â€Å"carbon offset†. Since trees are a renewable resource, I am skeptical about when and where these trees were being planted. If they were planted to replace a forest that had just been clear cut for the local paper mill, then calling them a â€Å"carbon offset† is fraudulent and ridiculous. This article made me very leery of those who use carbon offsets in general, as it appears that this may indeed be a way for the indulgent to continue their polluting ways, never change their lifestyles to reflect the needs of the planet, and feel better about themselves while nothing is being done to stop global warming. This article left me with the impression that much of the hype about stopping global warming has been just that, hype, and that we will realize in a few years that the problem is getting exponentially worse despite our â€Å"efforts† to fix it.

Monday, July 29, 2019

E-commerce project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-commerce project - Essay Example It is evident that many companies now realize the importance of websites as a tool to gain market share and improve sales. Most flourishing companies like unique home decor, Paul Michael company, Bensons would not have reached the places they are without their websites (BAJAJ, 2005).The Martha Stewart management structure consists of activities such as the allocation of tasks, supervision and coordination, which are directed towards the accomplishment of the aims of the company. The company structure mainly participates in the accomplishment of the company goals this is because the company has several dedicated employees whose main agenda is to assist the company to achieve his company's goals. Martha Stewart has several supervisor is in each and every department, this ensures the employees work up to the required standard. This contributes to the making of designing high quality decor products because the management has catered everything governing the employees work. The company us es various business models to make it distinct from other companies. The business models also help to describe the organizational architecture of capture mechanisms, delivery which are employed by the company's enterprise. The company has applied business models such as, collecting intelligence, user generated content, and improving the available systems. It also uses transport services such as airline and private courier services to ensure their products are available all over the continent. The goals of the business are primarily marketing the products on sale and making sure they increase their profits though online sale and delivery. The company also seeks to be capable of running consumer satisfaction surveys so as to assist they gauge their progress. Finally, the ultimate goal is to ensure that the company becomes a reputable and among the most respected and successful in this field of business. Supply chain underscores on cutting down of resources and various expences inorder to improve their bottom lines with more effective supply chains. In order for companies, to be the best and out do its competitors in the market it has to define the most effective supply chain. This would improve how the business operates, in fact the supply chains do work well with the ERP systems which are involved in conducting various business activities, which include production planning and customer service which are not part of the supply chains. Technology plays a main role in the accomplishment of the supply chain concept pre-dates the internet, and they use web based application and communication can it truly reach its fully potential. The website will, therefore, be designed so as to make sure the company achieves most of its goals in the most efficient way possible. The website will become a partial platform for the marketing department. This is because many people nowadays depend on the internet for many things, making it an easier place to access customers. The produ cts will be marketed by posting them on the website and giving information on the latest home decors awaiting release and those already in the market. In order to enhance marketing, the company will have to alias with the most visited websites and have accounts in social platforms such as Facebook, linked in, twitter and MySpace among others. Secondly the company will should be able to give customers the ability to purchase items and request them to get delivered to supported locations. The products shall be priced ant the availability of a customer to purchase the items collectively using a virtual card. This will allow them to shop for many products easily. The third aspect of this website is customer support.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

No topic Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No topic - Personal Statement Example In fact, since California is well known for its good historical sites such as The California Historical Center and Foundation, I look forward to a resourceful study program in UC because I am assured of highly qualified professors also (Kinginger 121). This will offer a good platform in my career because I am certain of developing the relevant knowledge and experience in archeological studies. There are various courses that are offered in California and this offers a good opportunity to students to explore various areas of study to achieve their career objectives. There are a significant number of students who enroll in the University and end up as proficient employees in various areas of study. However, there some courses that are not available in UC but they are available in other abroad countries. For instance, I have come to learn that at my home country there are courses like cultural studies, agricultural programs and some linguistic studies that are not available in the University of California. These courses are offered in relation to their application within the economy of the country and the linguistic studies are based on languages that are compatible to the local communities (Kinginger 59). My level of proficiency in English is above average. Though I am not a native English speaker, I have gained a lot of proficiency in English since I started learning English in my junior classes up to the university level. I have been doing studies through English and hence I have gained considerable proficiency in written English and spoken English. I am also good in reading and listening to comprehension and the only challenge to me would the understanding English that uses a lot of jargon or difficult words since I am not a native speaker. The U.S based English wouldn’t also be a challenge to me since it doesn’t have huge distinction

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Operation Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operation Management - Coursework Example The role of this department shall be to source for appropriate human resources based on the specifications of the client or employers. It will also classify employees using their skills base and experience to align them with the various vacancies in the corporate world. The head of the human resources shall report directly to the Chief Executive Officer. The head of operations shall be in charge of the operations department. He shall be responsible for all the operations and activities of the company in relations to offering recruitment and placement services. He shall also report directly to the Chief Executive Officer. The marketing manager who shall report directly to the CEO shall head the marketing department. The responsibility of the maketing department shall be to increase the visibility and coverage of the company in the selected locations and to recruit new accounts. Lastly, the head of finance and accounts shall head the finance and accounting department. The responsibilit y of this department shall be to source financial resources for running the company and manage the financial resources and records. He shall report directly to the CEO. In order to promote synergy, all the functional areas shall be allowed to share information and communicate openly on a day-to-day basis and through weekly meetings chaired by the CEO. The wheel organization structure is mainly applicable performance of the procurement and distribution functions. Raw material are purchased at the hub or center and then distributed to the various regions for processing. Similarly, product deliveries are organized at the center and distributed to the various regions along the spokes (Knowledge & Helen 2005: 47). An example is provided in the fig. below In the traditional divisional structure, employees from diverse specializations are placed together in formal groups based on similar products or services, geographical regions and

Friday, July 26, 2019

The Importance of Nursing Research in Clinical Practice Essay

The Importance of Nursing Research in Clinical Practice - Essay Example The importance of research in clinical practice is that it provides analysis used to guide nursing profession. Clinical nursing research is based on the problems arising from the practice. Nursing research is conducted on patients facing real problems and the analysis gives chances of solving the problems through the upgrading of nursing care. There are two types of research that is basic and applied research. The basic research is undertaken to enlarge the foundation of understanding in the profession, produce or improve a theory. On the other hand, the applied research seeks to find solutions to existing problems. The research develops and supports clinical practice through recognition, exploration, prediction, explanation, description, and control of problems in the nursing practice (Polit & Beck 2004:18). The nurses in practice are expected to have immense knowledge and apply research and base their practice on evidence-based research. The evidence-based practice is the applicati on of the best evidence from research carried out by other health professionals and nurses to make patient care decisions. The nursing decisions based on evidence-based analysis are clinically suitable, cost-effective and results to positive patient outcomes (Polit & Beck 2014:3).A qualitative research is a wide word that covers various techniques and thoughts hence its complex nature. It is an approach that permits the study of people’s encounters in depth, by employing a particular set of research techniques.

Urban Crime in Early Modern London Research Paper

Urban Crime in Early Modern London - Research Paper Example She regularly stole various kinds of goods, broke into houses to steal them, and often lied to escape conviction and punishment. She was extremely poor, which is perhaps one of the most prominent reasons for her crimes. She used the alias "Trolly Lolly" in an attempt to hide her previous convictions. She was described as a 30 year old woman, who came to London when she was fairly young, married a butcher and earned an honest living selling meat and other eatables on the streets of London. However during the year 1713, she turned to stealing, since she lived in extreme poverty, and was often mistreated by her husband. Thus in order to secure a safe livelihood for herself and her children, she took to stealing, robbery and burglary and committed various felonies during her lifetime. However, she was convicted for the crimes committed and on account of lack of proper evidence in her favour, was held guilty and charged with felony. She was hanged on 21st September 1715. Analysis of crimes: London, during the eighteenth century characterized a vibrant society which was abuzz with the introduction of world trade, the development of manufacturing industry, and a simultaneous rise in crime. During the year 1715, London underwent mixed feelings with regard to the socio-political status, characterized by enthusiasm and cheerfulness on account of crowning of the new King George I, on one hand and extreme economic unrest followed by the South Sea Bubble. Furthermore, there was a steady rise in the population, which further increased the rates of poverty and unemployment resulting in widespread destitution. The period marked the beginning of the "gin craze" in London, and was highly plagued with increased infant mortality rates, poor hygiene, cramped and inadequate living conditions, and constant migrations (Old Bailey Online, 2011). Thus, on account of this background, the types of criminal activity largely witnessed during the year 1715 (and most of the ea rly eighteenth century) included theft, burglary, embezzlement, and prostitution to a certain extent. The incidences of murder were far and few in between, but a significant proportion of the criminal activities were aimed at amassing wealth. Most of the thefts and petty crimes such as pick-pocketing, involved women as well since they were mainly responsible for taking care of their children. The following table shows the various categories of crimes committed during the chosen period. This analysis is based on a careful study of the documents posted under â€Å"City of London sessions† on the London Lives project website. Table 1: Analysis of crime during the year 1715 Case# Date Description of the criminal Type of crime Other details 1 5th Aug, Male Theft Stole a horse 2 17th Dec Female Theft Stole a box with valuables worth more than hundred pounds 3 Jan, 1715 Female Pick-pocketing Mary Sound – a notorious pick-pocketer stole money at London bridge 4 20th Jan Male & Female Theft Stole stuff from an acquaintance and believed to have pawned the same at a higher price 5 Jan, 1715 Male Theft Stole sacks of mault, from someone’s house and sold them for a price 6 Jan, 1715 Female – Elizabeth Young, a single woman Theft Stole several times from several people and regularly sold it for a price 7 13th Feb Female Theft Francis Pitchell – a house maid, stole several bed sheets and pawned them for a price 8 16th Jan Male Forgery Fraudulently changed the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Negotiating for a Borderless World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Negotiating for a Borderless World - Essay Example It has bridged the gap of highly industrialized countries with the least developed ones, which allowed the specialization of skills and the use of comparative advantage, a theory popularized by David Ricardo. In this competitive arena of global players, it is very essential to know how to negotiate and make a sustainable partnership. Negotiation skills are a must to survive. The following paragraphs will tackle the different concepts of negotiations and how it is being used in trade and politics. As discussed in class, negotiations are made for many reasons: to divide resources, to create something new and to resolve any conflict among parties. Negotiations always involve at least two parties, a conflict that needs to be resolved, and a give and take process. Negotiations must end up with an agreement and must depend on each other in order to achieve this. This interdependence relationship can produce two outcomes: zero-sum and non-zero-sum. Zero-sum happens when there is a winner and a loser, while non-zero-sum is a situation where the parties involved get mutual benefits. In 2001, the Doha Round declaration paved a way for the creation of mandates on the negotiation of a variety of trade issues by the Trade Negotiations Committee (WTO, 2001). They formed two negotiating groups, market access, and WTO rules. The negotiating group on market access is concerned in the liberalization of non-agricultural goods, while the negotiating group for WTO rules was concerned on subjects like the Anti-dumping and subsidies agreement plus provisions on regional trade agreements. Negotiations are present in bodies such as agriculture, services, geographical indications, dispute settlement understanding, environment and on outstanding implementation issues. There are six principles the committee has to adhere in their negotiations.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Issac Newton(Scientist) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issac Newton(Scientist) - Essay Example When he was sixteen, his mother, who had become widowed once again, pulled her son from school in the hopes of turning him into a farmer. Newton detested farming, preferring to spend his time in the confines of his books. Fortunately, the master at the school that Newton attended convinced his mother to allow Newton to finish his education. He became the top-ranked student of his year, and in June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College in Cambridge, where he studied advanced philosophy and the works of many renowned astronomers (Dolnick 18). The courses that he took influenced not only the rest of his educational years, but his future career as well, making many contributions to mathematics and space sciences. In regard to his contributions to mathematics, Newton discovered the binomial theorem, as well as began to form a mathematical theory that would eventually become what it now known as infinitesimal calculus. Not too long after these discoveries and developments, the school th at Newton attended closed down in an attempt to protect teachers and students from the Great Plague. The private studies that he tended to at home showed more development than they had while Newton was physically attending school. During his independent studies, Newton further developed his calculus theories, as well as theories of optics and the law of gravitation. Newton published many books about his mathematical theories, but then decided to focus more on mathematics in regard to space. After his education, Newton lectured on optics, focusing primarily on the refraction of light, â€Å"demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicoloured spectrum into white light (Ball 324).† It was also during this that Newton discovered that colored light does not change its properties, regardless of whether or not it was scattered or reflected, which became known as Newton’s theory of color. Wanting to test his theory, Newton built the first refracting telescope to physically display his theory of color. When Newton had penned out and taught all that he could about color and light, and after many successes with publishing and being acknowledged for his works, Newton turned back to his work on celestial mechanics. He focused more specifically on the effect of gravity on the orbits of planets, referring to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Newton became even more involved in his work with space sciences at the appearance of a comet, which he used to prove his theory of universal gravitation. This law of universal gravitation reveals that â€Å"every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses (Brackenridge 36).† Between the universal gravitational law and Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, Newton was able to prove that the Moon has a gravitational attr action to the Earth, which he was then able to apply to the orbits of comets and other celestial objects. Newton also made an impression in the ongoing argument of whether or not the universe was heliocentric (everything orbits around the Sun) or geocentric (the belief that everything orbits around the Earth). This argument had been one that was religiously heated, especially from within the Catholic Church, so a lot of the information in regard to the arguments were based

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Plan - Essay Example Whether you want to start a small consulting business or start selling accessories, you need money to get the business started and operate it until the business is profitable (Attard, ). Finding the money to start your business may be a bit difficult; however, there are ways for you to obtain the cash you need. One way to obtain the cash you need to start your business is to get a part-time job. Savings from working a part time job can add up and in some cases, also many business owners start out by sharing their business time with a part time job. In order to save on money, you can start your business from home. In fact, most successful business owners started out from their home. Later on when the business begin to pick up you may find a suitable location. To save money to start your business you may have to live frugally at times. Living frugally does not mean that you have to starve yourself. It means that you do not have to buy everything you see just for buying sake. In order t o save effectively, you need to buy the necessary things. Another way to save to start your business is by applying for use of a credit card. A credit card is a loan given by a financial institution. The owner of a credit card has in his or her possession whatever amount the financial institution allows them to use with the expectation that they repay back the amount. Banks and other financial institutions often help new entrepreneurs to start their business by giving them business loans to do so. However, most financial institutions require that their customers have enough security to cover for the loan. If you are unable to find the necessary security that is required, you may seek the help of friends or family members to co-sign for you. By co-signing for you friends or family members will use their own assets to secure a loan on your behalf. Most ways persons get capital to start their small business is by borrowing from friends and family members. Unlike financial institutions, when you borrow from friends or family members you may not need to pay them back with interest. Money left as inheritance is another way by which many persons get capital to start their small business. When a person starts a small business through the means of inherited money, he or she does not have anyone to pay back and so the stress of saving for repayment purposes is out of the way. Another way of obtaining capital to start your small business is by using your insurance policy to do so. Life insurance polices that has cash value can be cashed in at any time and this cash used to start your business. If you own stocks and bonds, you can easily turn them into cash and use this money to start your business. In fact, sacrificing your stocks and bonds for your business may prove more profitable for you in the end. After you have your capital taken care of, the first step is to write a business plan. Why must you write a business plan? The reason being is that it is best to have a p lan to follow. Without a business plan to follow, your business may be doom for failure. A business plan should have an executive summary, a description of the business, a plan for how you will market and manage your business, financial projections and the necessary business support documents. In the body of your business plan must consist of a description of the type of business that you are desirous of starting. A marketing plan by which to follow closely is very essential for the success of your

Monday, July 22, 2019

Judicial Activism Essay Example for Free

Judicial Activism Essay It is perhaps unsurprising that the liberal court led by Chief Justice Earl Warren from 1953 to 1969 invalidated federal, state and local laws at almost twice the rate of the Roberts court. But the more conservative court that followed, led by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger from 1969 to 1986, was even more activist, striking down laws in almost 9 percent of its cases, compared with just over 7 percent in the Warren court and just 4 percent in the Roberts court. The court led by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist from 1986 to 2005 was also more activist than the current one, at 6.4 percent. In a new book, â€Å"Terms of Engagement,† Clark M. Neily III of the Institute for Justice, a libertarian group, calculated that the Supreme Court struck down just 103 of the 15,817 laws enacted by Congress in the half-century ending in 2002. â€Å"It is implausible,† he wrote, â€Å"to suppose the federal government hits the constitutional strike zone 99.5 percent of the time.† Mr. Neily urged the Supreme Court to be more active but rejected the phrase â€Å"judicial activism.† After the Supreme Court argument in the case in the spring of 2012, with things looking grim for the fate of his law, Mr. Obama tried to shift the terms of the discussion back to activism. â€Å"I’d just remind conservative commentators,† he said, â€Å"that for years what we’ve heard is the biggest problem on the bench was judicial activism or a lack of judicial restraint — that an unelected group of people would somehow overturn a duly constituted and passed law.† Three months after Mr. Obama’s remarks, Chief Justice Roberts broke with his usual conservative allies and voted with the court’s four liberals to uphold the law. In a joint dissent, the four conservatives said the majority was wrong to portray its ruling as â€Å"judicial modesty† when â€Å"it amounts instead to a vast judicial overreaching.† In a recent essay, â€Å"Why We Need More Judicial Activism,† Suzanna Sherry, a law professor at Vanderbilt University, said the Supreme Court had erred more often in sustaining laws than in striking them down. â€Å"Too much of a good thing can be bad,† she wrote, â€Å"and democracy is no exception.† The article’s central claim is based upon political science research showing that the Roberts Court has been more likely to reach â€Å"conservative† decisions than its predecessors. Liptak reports: In its first five years, the Roberts court issued conservative decisions 58 percent of the time. And  in the term ending a year ago, the rate rose to 65 percent, the highest number in any year since at least 1953. The recent shift to the right is modest. And the court’s decisions have hardly been uniformly conservative. The justices have, for instance, limited the use of the death penalty and rejected broad claims of executive power in the government’s efforts to combat terrorism. But scholars who look at overall trends rather than individual decisions say that widely accepted political science data tell an unmistakable story about a notably conservative court. This distinction is important because the data presented by Liptak suggests that the Roberts Court is such a â€Å"conservative minimalist† court. Indeed, it appears to be the most restrained – or least â€Å"activist† (if â€Å"activism† is defined as willingness to overturn federal statutes or prior precedents) – Court since World War II. According to the data presented with the article in this chart, the Warren, Burger and Rehnquist Courts overturned precedents at an average rate of 2.7, 2.8 and 2.4 per term, respectively. The Roberts Court, on the other hand, has only overturned an average of 1.6 precedents per term. The record on striking down laws shows a similar pattern. The Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist Courts struck down an average of 7.9, 12.5, and 8.2 laws per term, whereas the Roberts Court has only invalidated an average of 3 laws per term. Liptak acknowledges this data at the close of his article, but downplays it with his description: â€Å"The Roberts court is finding laws unconstitutional and reversing precedent — two measures of activism — no more often than earlier courts.† So, while the majority of the Roberts Court’s decisions are â€Å"conservative,† the data Liptak summarizes does not appear to have resulted in a more â€Å"conservative† legal regime, as the Roberts Court has done relatively little to change the law (at least thus far) compared to its predecessors. This is important, because it effectively refutes claims that there is anything particularly radical or â€Å"activist† about the Roberts Court, even if one accepts that it is notably â€Å"conservative.† There is no evidence as yet that the Roberts Court is as willing to challenge federal power as the Court was under Burger (National League of Cities v. Usery) or Rehnquist (Lopez, Morrison, Boerne). There are exceptions, such as some of the Court’s Miranda decisions – which have certainly made the law less protective of criminal suspects and defendants – and Citizens United, but these exceptions are balanced by aggressive liberal opinions in areas like executive power and the death penalty. In sum, even if most of the Roberts Court’s decisions are â€Å"conservative† a substantive analysis of the Roberts Court’s decisions does not reveal a significant rightward shift in the law.

Inflation in saudi arabia

Inflation in saudi arabia Introduction Has resulted in the volume of global monetary easing restrictions and taxes over the past two years, many observers suggest that compared to a rise in inflation all but inevitable. Since the budget of the Federal Reserve extended only $ 800 billion to 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars in less than a year, and many believe that the sharp price pressures emerge, almost regardless of the pace of recovery in the total production. These concerns are also evident in Saudi Arabia. Inflation has moderated significantly since 2008 to the mid-high percent 11. But some local commentators fear that raised sharp rise in the prices of both the government and expansion of strong financial (increase spending by 10 per cent of GDP in 2009), and high rates of inflation in the world of food in the country through the import channel. These fears are justified? To answer this, we will examine inflation peak of 2007-08, in order to obtain a better understanding of the main causes of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We will take this into account developments in 2009, when inflationary pressures rather quickly, before going on to study the possibilities of short and medium term for the different programs, both nationally and internationally. Some inflation is a good thing. In a period of deflation households tend to postpone consumption in waiting further down the prices to come. This, in turn, forces companies to delay investment decisions, which means that output at the end starts to decline and unemployment rates will rise. Increase in real interest rates also, triggering defaults and tightening credit. However, the hyper-inflation and unwelcome. Also price-distorting, and inflation erodes the rapid increase in savings, and reduces the value of profits in the future (and thus discouraging investment), stimulates capital flight (in the foreign assets and precious metals, real estate or non-productive) and held economic planning. In its most extreme, could spark inflation, social unrest and political turmoil. Thus, the rate of moderate and stable and predictable growth of prices for both producers and consumers and investors to feel comfortable, is a universally recognized goal of monetary policy. What was the experience of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? Inflation in Saudi Arabia Is a measure of inflation in the Kingdom in two ways: through the cost of living (CLI) and the index of wholesale prices, which are both there and published by Department of Statistics and Information (a government department which is completely separate from the central bank and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency). There are periodic surveys of labor productivity or inflation expectations. Saudi Arabia has a history of low inflation and stable CLI is composed of hundreds of products, and builds index 1999. Energy costs and the rental together represent about 44 percent of the total index. And supports about 10 percent of goods and services in the Qatari initiative by the authorities, particularly petroleum products and electricity. Is fixed the prices of these goods for long periods, and therefore rarely have any impact on changes in the CLI. For these reasons, there is no distinction between inflation and the title of core, which excludes food and energy prices. And guided by the Central Bank and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, through public policy to maintain price stability in the exchange rate. Under a fixed barrier, such as those enjoyed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and price stability, in theory, take a back seat to keep the exchange rate. However, for long periods in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia both targets have been comfortably accommodated. Consumer prices rose at an annual rate of 1.3 percent in 1990 and 0.1 percent in the period 2000-06, while there was only a modest factor occasional pressure on the exchange rate. The inflation path sweet reflects a number of factors, including economic activity generally moderate, and easy access to cheap imports, and labor market flexibility, and open capital account. This has helped the fixed exchange rate itself to reduce inflationary expectations. High inflation began to emerge in 2007 This has begun to change in 2007. In that year, and the acceleration of inflation in consumer prices to an average annual rate of 4 percent (from 2.4 percent in 2006), and ending the year at 6.5 percent. Prices continued to grow rapidly in 2008 with inflation of 12 months, reaching a peak of 11.1 percent in July. Observers focused on the exchange rate peg Inflation has grown rapidly, despite the tightening of monetary policy in the early and strong are the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, including a sharp increase in work requirements and the Central Bank issues an escalation of Treasury Bills. Has resulted in the ineffectiveness of these measures many commentators to focus on the Saudi riyal, the U.S. dollar. He highlighted two specific issues. First, linking and the generation of imported inflation, according to observers. High inflation and coincided with the sharp weakness in the value of the U.S. dollar against most major currencies, with its value against the trade-weighted basket of currencies (the nominal effective exchange rate) fell by about 4.3 percent in 2007 and increased 3.7 per cent in 2008, after 1 , 5 percent in 2006. Has developed this upward pressure on import prices and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and therefore, according to the prices of many from Saudi Arabia, and retail. Have been reported on the constraints imposed on monetary policy Another explanation focuses on monetary policy. Connectivity forced fixed space policy of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, and restrictions on what can lead to this interest rate and the growth of domestic credit. If the rate of Saudi Arabia has moved too far out of line with the rates of the United States, then the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency to the risk of attracting capital flows side Put upward pressure on the exchange rate. Have been identified and this limitation is particularly salient because of commercial bank lending and rapid expansion. , In mid-2008, bank lending to the private sector has been growing at 35 percent a year on an annual basis is not as high as is the case in some other Gulf countries, but rapid enough to suggest that the Saudi economy was overheating. Unfortunately, with the United States to reduce the speed mode, there was little can be done by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency that it is up the growth of liquidity in line with the essentials. International Monetary Fund more of the characteristics of the inflationary pressures on food inflation and business partners The justification for linking the Centre on the exchange rate? The dramatic rise in the rate of inflation is primarily a product of the limitations of monetary policy and the weak dollar or the interaction of several factors more complicated than this? In fact, evidence suggests that the main causes of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, both short-term inflation and long-term partner is the commercial and food prices all over the world. Fixed exchange rate also helps, but mostly to help. International Monetary Fund, which conducted extensive research on this Topic2 enough, and believed that without adjusting the exchange rate (and not under the horizontal bar), an increase in the prices of imported goods have a direct and fast on domestic prices in saudi arabia. Food prices, which can be seen both as a source of inflation on business partners and external factor in a part of has had a strong impact on prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Internal factors such as increases in aggregate demand, they play only a minor role, according to the International Monetary Fund. This largely explains the limited impact of changes in interest rates in the UK (see chart below) 0.3 Particularly the International Monetary Fund believes that the search to increase the price per cent in levels of trading partners results in an increase of 0.83 percent of the price level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pass-through effect is the effect of changes in the nominal exchange rate is relatively modest increase of one percent (estimate) IsoDraw results in a 0.19 percent decline in the price level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Exchange rate pass-through is weak, according to the International Monetary Fund Because the exchange rate pass-through is very weak? International Monetary Fund notes that while the changes in price levels of trading partners, usually permanent, and changes in exchange rates are not. Therefore, exporters, Bearing this in mind, and the need to protect its stake in the Saudi market, you may be willing to absorb all or part of the exchange rate effect by adjusting the profit mark-up market price. Similarly, the Saudi importers may also adjust the profit mark-ups to maintain market share. It also puts the IMF said that the market share of the profits today determines tomorrow (in fact, this phenomenon has been well documented in other countries) The IMF attributes little impact on internal factors such as inflation, government spending and monetary policy. This, perhaps, overlooking the impact of changes in total domestic demand in the area of non-commercial, such as rental costs, and will look at later, as well as on asset prices, which are not covered in this document. However draws a large crowd out of the fund makes sense, given that the expression is usually an increase in domestic demand through the import channel, rather than to be in demand for domestically produced consumer goods (which are limited). Interest rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Is the definition of the scope of monetary policy by the exchange rate peg, and this is why politics has traditionally tended to be negative. However, there is evidence to suggest that even if the authorities were free to adjust interest rates to their will, and this would be only a limited impact on inflationary pressures in the Kingdom. With many shops located on the Kingdom of the Arab-Islamic, and the stock market the only realistic alternative for liquidity, and broadcast signals interest rate tends to be low in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. This is evident in the storage activity in 2009: total deposits increased by more than 11 percent last year, despite the sharp decline in interest rates on deposits nominal (from 2.89 percent on average in 2008 to 0.63 per cent in 2009) The downside of this is the lack of sensitivity to interest rates on loans. In its efforts to offset the impact of the global financial crisis, which held the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency monetary tightening very quickly in the late 2008s and early 2009. And lower interest rates (in line with the rates of the United States), was reduced reserve requirements, has been reduced treasury bill auctions, and carried out operations to pump liquidity into the banking system directly. However, this does not encourage commercial banks to increase lending to the private sector, however, loans contracted slightly during 2009. In short, even if the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency and have full control over interest rates is not certain that this will enable him to exercise a decisive influence on the levels of credit or deposits in the economy. SPIKE 2007-08 inflationary Review of the 2007-08 high rates of inflation, we can see that the factors identified by the International Monetary Fund has already play an important role. The main driver of earnings of 4 percent in 2007, its index is the pick-up and pronounced in food prices, which rose by 7 per cent. This category includes the largest weighting of the Central Administration of Statistics basket with 26 per cent. Within this category there were significant increases in the prices of vegetables and tubers (30%), and fresh vegetables (12%) and fish (12%) and cereals (7%), meat and poultry (6 percent). Inflation trends in recent Inflation and cool quickly After reaching a peak of 11.1 percent in July 2008, began to cool inflationary pressures in the second half of 2008 and declined somewhat quickly in 2009. And price growth fell to about 4.5 percent by the end of 2009 (an average of 2009 from 5.1 per cent) and stabilized at around this level in the first two months of 2010. This rate is slightly higher than the historical average over the long term, but also in the range of rapidly growing emerging markets such as Saudi Arabia. What caused this decline in price pressures? It was in fact the key factors external dampers that have been identified in advance. With the intensification of the global financial crisis in mid-2008, global economic confidence began to decline rapidly, and the prices of most commodities fell sharply. Food prices along with this trend, with the benchmark S P / Goldman Sachs index reduced by 28 percent between September and December 2008. The U.S. dollar strengthening a shadow on the appetite for agricultural products And dried in risk appetite as investors in the integrity and clear of the public debt of the United States, so the price of the dollar. This had an impact on the indicators made goods less attractive to investors than the dollar. These reduced prices and significantly reduce costs for importers to deal with the Saudi Trade on the basis of the dollar, like New York and Chicago boards of trade. Separately, and made a strong dollar is also cheaper for traders to import Saudi origin directly from the non-dollar countries, landlocked such as Canada, Brazil or Australia. These dynamics are clearly visible in Saudi Arabia index, which shows the component of food and beverages rose 2.5 percent between 2009 and December 2008 to June. Trading partners inflation has also facilitated the rapid At the same time, inflation among trading partners have also begun to soften. For example, the average inflation rate in the Kingdom of the four main sources of imports (the United States and China, Japan and Germany) has declined from 4 percent in the first quarter of 2008 to zero per cent a year later. Rate and then moved into negative territory for the remainder of 2009. In the autumn of this year in inflation pressure trading partners downward to develop a full range of goods imported into the index Arabia, even though most of these will not be arrested in certain categories of the index. Rent price inflation remained strong If high food prices are falling, and inflation of trading partners and turned negative, it maintained rates of inflation in the Kingdom? After all, at 4.5 percent, and inflation is still higher than historical norms. The answer is that the component has continued to hire the Qatari initiative for growth: The average inflation to spend the Christmas holiday and was 17.5 percent in 2008, and cools only slightly to 14 percent in 2009. With strong demand for rental expenditure At first glance, and a constant force of the Charter of the index is incompatible with the general deterioration of the confidence of the individuals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf in general. Private investment in the ground to arrest is imminent in the Kingdom of 2009, as credit dried up and drew the plans. However, unlike many of the governments in the Gulf region, said that the Saudi public sector resources to fill the gap left by the private sector and support investment. Increase in central government expenditure by 10 per cent of the remarkable GDP in 2009, and implementation of new projects for public infrastructure helped fuel the demand for expatriate workers, and kept upward pressure on rents Conclusion It is expected that a period of above-average growth in food prices to continue. Will use the structural changes in the global economy and agricultural products and the forces instrumental in raising the prices of basic commodities. He asked the local factors to put more pressure on consumer prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. About one third of the worlds population directly benefiting from what appears to be the sustainable economic boom in China and India. This will continue to raise living standards and changing patterns of food consumption, and high prices and demand and thus higher quality and more complex food. The need for raw materials for many of the new ethanol plants currently under construction to add more high food prices all over the world. A recent report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization projects that the percentage increase in the prices of agricultural products between 20 and 50 in the next 10 years. Forecasts by the Ministry of Agriculture in the United States also point to the continuing rise in the prices of major crops until the end of the decade. And will move higher agricultural commodity prices to consumers in the form of higher food prices in the shops.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Golden Gate Bridge And Channel Tunnel Project Comparison Construction Essay

Golden Gate Bridge And Channel Tunnel Project Comparison Construction Essay Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge built at the opening of San Francisco in to Pacific Ocean. It connects the Marin County, California to the city of San Francisco. This project was approved in 1930 and started in January 1933 and finished by May 1937. It is the longest suspension bridge, by the time of its completion. The total length and width of this bridge is 2,737m and 27m respectively. 83,000 tons of steel from New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania and Cables with length of 2,332m are used for construction. Two main cables pass over the towers and each of them is made up of 27,572 strands of wire that can cover eighty thousand miles and it took over six months to spin them. 128 high pressure sodium lamps are installed on the roadway. It was fully painted in orange vermillion color. Original paint was removed due to corrosion and it is repainted with emulsion top coat which took over 30 years. It is a popular internationally recognized and well structured civil engineerin g symbol throughout the world. Channel Tunnel United Kingdom: Channel Tunnel is a longest undersea tunnel in the world. It is also known as Chunnel. It is 50.5km long and 250ft deep undersea rail tunnel beneath English Channel. Chunnel links Kent in UK with Coquelles in northern France. Chunnel carries high passenger trains and also transports vehicles through trains. It is recognized as a one of the seven wonders of World by American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). This project was first proposed in 1802. But, due to political pressures it was compromised and later in 1988 the construction company Eurotunnel takeover the project. The project was completed by 1994 with 80% over budget. After its construction Chunnel has faced many problems, Illegal immigrants attempted to use it and Fires have disrupted the transport. Despite of all the problems during and after the construction, it is running successfully and it is considered as most successful project. Comparison of Projects There are various factors that influence the outcome of every project. So, it is important to identify the main objectives, scope, duration and budget of the project which helps to distinguish whether the project is successful or unsuccessful. In this report, I have considered the following factors to compare the Project management of Golden Gate Bridge and Channel Tunnel. Project Environment Golden Gate Bridge The city of San Francisco doesnt have a permanent link to surrounding cities across its bay area. The only route available was through ferry services started in 1820. Although Ferry services became famous and profitable in automobile industry, that doesnt show any impact on the development of the city in various sectors. Then, there was an initial proposal for building a bridge which was turned down due to various political and public issues. But finally project was started in the year of 1933 and completed by 1937. After the completion of project, San Francisco was also linked to other cities through roadways across the bay which in turn leads to overall economic development. Channel Tunnel Since 18th century France and United Kingdom were in need of affordable transportation links for their economic development. So the Channel Tunnel project was proposed. The actual commencement of project was delayed for more than a century after its preliminary proposal and trails. It had undergone various problematic phases like technology and machinery failures, Delays, Cost controls, Maintenance issues Political influences. Finally the project was completed by May 1994 and inaugurated by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterrand and opened to full public services by 1995. After the completion of that project, UK has constructed the supportive projects like High speed 1. The link to Channel Tunnel called High speed1 runs 111km from London to Folkestone in Kent. It costs Euro 5.8 billions. This was opened by UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in September 2003. These trains travel at the speed of 300km/h from London to Paris in 2 hour 15minutes. Now with the stak eholders investment on constant maintenance, Channel Tunnel project is obtaining its main objective of developing transportation links. Stakeholders and their power and influence Golden Gate Bridge Stakeholders involved in this project played a major role for its execution. Initially the project has fewer funds for its execution. Then the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District authorized through legislature approved bonds that valued $30million, but they were unable to sell those bonds. Amadeo Giannini , founder of Bank of America influenced the project by agreeing to buy the bonds to help the local economy. Later the project was carried out by the Construction Company called Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co. founded by Howard H. Mc Clintic and Charles D. Marshall. This construction company effectively managed to follow business processes and acquire required raw materials from Suppliers like (Steel Construction- Bethlehem Steel co., Cable Steel supplier John A. Roeblings Sons Company) and Human resources from Consulting Engineers Ammann Whitney, Contractors Dillingham Construction, Seismic retrofit Contractors Balfour Beatty Construction and Co-Contracting Obayashi Corp., Shimmick Construction company Inc., Prestressing DYWIDAG Systems International USA Inc.. The Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co influenced the execution of the project by its proper project management with all the suppliers to obtain the Performance objectives, meet deadlines and control on costs. Finally, Stakeholders managed to complete the project $1.3million under estimated budget with out delays. Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel project was a very huge project which has various stakeholders. The Stakeholders include British Channel Tunnel group which has two banks and five construction companies, French -Manche group has three banks and five construction companies were formed. Banks were there to advice on loans, financials terms and companies for construction and related work. Stakeholders in rail design and rolling stock for Locomotives are(Brush British company ABB Swedish company), Passenger railcars (Bombardier Canadian company), Railcars for carrying freight vehicles (Breda and Fiat Italian company). This project was influenced at its maximum by the stakeholders investment and their political influences. The initial proposal itself was postponed several times over a century. After initial construction, project has faced various issues with technology, machinery, Human resources suppliers and maintenance problems. Finally the project was completed with the influence of stakeholde rs. Planning, Scheduling, Managing Resources and Project life cycle Golden Gate Bridge Before the bridge was built there was only a short route by boat between San Francisco and Marin County. This is Ferry service began in 1820 and later it became scheduled ferry service in 1840. The ferry crossing between San Francisco and Marin County cost US$1.00 per vehicle and it took 20mins. The city of San Francisco was served with ferry boats as it doesnt have permanent links with the other places around the bay. Many experts turned down the proposal for building a bridge across 6,700ft strait. Because it had swirling tides and currents in water at 500ft in depth and also fog and wind may prevent construction. Eventually, the proposal took place in 1916 by James Wilkins, city Engineer of San Francisco with the budget of $100million for which the government felt impractical. Later Joseph Strauss, ambitious engineer designed a 55 mile bridge across the strait with the promising budget of $17million. This proposal was accepted only on the assurance of Strauss to alter the design b y consulting project experts and they considered the suspension type of bridge due to recent improvements in metallurgy. The Project has faced opposition from various sources. The Navy feared about ship collision with bridge may block entry to harbors. Department of war was concerned with ship traffic. Unions demanded to benefit the local workers with employment. Southern Pacific rail road opposed the project to reduce the competition to ferry services. Later in 1928 the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District was authorized by legislature and incorporated as entity to design, construct and finance the project. The district raised $30 million for bond measure and then approved in 1930. Finally the project was carried out on January 1933 by the Construction Company called Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co. founded by Howard H. Mc Clintic and Charles D. Marshall. Strauss remained as a chief engineer of the project. At the time of approval the estimated budget for the construction of structure was $23million which ran over budget to $27million. The project was completed by April 1937 with $35million. T he bridge was opened to pedestrians on May 27 1937 which is made pedestrians day and later opened to vehicles. Channel Tunnel The life cycle of this project is very vast which spans from the year of 1802 to 1995. Channel Tunnel had faced many rejections for proposals before the actual commencement. Channel Tunnel between Dover, United Kingdom and Coquelles, France was first proposed in 1802 by French mining engineer Albert Mathieu. It was proposed to develop the links between two countries. The first geological and hydrographical survey was started in 1830 by Aime Thome de Gamond which resulted in positive for its construction. Later he proposed the project to Napoleon III and that was turned down. In 1867, William Low and Sir John Clarke Hawkshaw proposed the ideas which show the benefits to both the countries. But it was not implemented. In 1876, official Anglo French protocol for Channel Tunnel was established which lead to preliminary trails from both sides of the English Channel. This was opposed by the British political influences and press who feared that Tunnel may compromise with national defence. All these problems were encountered that delayed the project for a century. In 1919, during the Paris Press Conference the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George brought up the idea by reassuring to France. This was again delayed up to thirty years. In 1955, the defence arguments were turned down which lead to start the project. In 1974, the construction was started from the both sides of the Channel and it was ongoing up to one year till the dismay of the French partners and it was cancelled. Later In 1985, The British Channel Tunnel group which has two banks and five construction companies, French-Manche group has three banks and five construction companies were formed. Banks were there to advice on financials and loans. In 1986, Treaty of Canterbury was signed, that allowed proceedings with the project. The construction of the tunnel from both sides was started in 1988. During the construction, the service tunnel was broke through channel. It was finally completed by 1994. According to 2007, cost of construction was $10,153 billion which was cost overrun around 80%. The project was completed by Euro Tunnel which was officially opened on 6th May1994 by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterrand. But, full service to public was opened in 1995. Project Risk Golden Gate Bridge Although it was a successful project, there were some possible risks for its execution, during and after execution. At the time of initial proposal the project faced opposition from various sources. The Department of war opposed the bridge, because the bridge may block the ships which increase Ship traffic. The Navy was in concern about the route blocking, because any ship collisions to bridge may block the routes to main harbors. The local unions demanded employment in construction and other sectors for their workers. Southern pacific Rail road opposed the bridge to reduce the competition to ferry services. The land required for construction was in dispute with Secretary of War. During the construction there was a concern about the strong tides and currents under water which would cause earthquake and could initiate collapsing of the structure. Ferocious winds and fogs may prevent the operation of construction. Now even after completion of project, it faces the risk of inhumanely be havior such as suicide and or fluctuating toll rates which makes impact on the citys revenue development. Channel Tunnel The very common risk for this type of under water tunnel projects is major water inflow in to surrounding areas. Channel Tunnel project had faced various risks with basic project design. The project ran over budget due to increase in machinery cost by 7% in 1988 and shutdown of machines due to failure in 1988. In 1989, Project faced Euros 1.2billion law suit by TML (Trans Manche link Consortium) against Eurotunnel and Change on door costs Euros 35million and risk with safety features, problems with Air cooling systems in 1991, Delay in delivery of systems acceptance certificates. After opened to public services, three fire accidents have occurred in tunnel. The first fire accident happened in 1996 with 1000 degrees Celsius which affected 50 meters of tunnel and damaged by blaze and the services were stopped for six months. The second was a minor accident happened in 2006 which made the tunnel to be closed for hours and the in September 2008, another accident occurred which made many people hospitalized and transportation was closed for two days. These accidents made a serious impact on the tunnel which in turn reduced the revenue and increased the hype for competitive services like flights and ferry services. These are only some of the risk that werent managed well in this project. Managing the Iron triangle Cost, Time, Quality Golden Gate Bridge Cost, Time and Quality are the three main factors to manage Iron Triangle. In this project, Cost Initial estimation of the project was $100 million which was then reduced to $17 million and finally fixed at $35million. The projects cost was well managed and executed with $1.3million under budget. Time The project was approved in the year of 1930 and its construction began in 1933 which was completed by 1937. The duration of the project was well managed without any delays. Quality The quality of the project wasnt standard. It depends up on suppliers and outsourcing organizations. Till today the project is undergone to various modifications which show that the required quality wasnt up to the mark in this project. Channel Tunnel In this project the concept of managing the factors like cost, time and quality wasnt done well. Cost The estimated budget of the project was $4.650 billion in 1985 and this was overrun up to 80% and it ended with $10,153 billion. Due to various risks it had faced in machinery, technology and delays, problems with suppliers the cost was almost more than double. The time factor wasnt managed properly. As it has many political influences and stakeholders, the project was delayed at every stage. The quality of the project was well managed during the after the completion of the project, when it is compared to cost and time. Apart from the three fire accidents, the project had reached its main objective by providing the quality transport services to travelers in Eurotunnel shuttle trains, users in Freight services. Soft factors Leadership, Teamwork, Commitment Golden Gate Bridge In this project, the concept of soft factors was well organized which in turn lead the project to be successful. Leadership The chief engineer Strauss took the responsibility to oversee the projects construction. Also he managed the teamwork to be well organized and to contribute its commitment for the project. The concept of project management was very well structured and organized by the Mc Clintic Marshall Construction Co. Company. With good leadership skills the company managed to get proper co-operation and commitment from its team, and all the suppliers and other stakeholders. These factors made the project to be completed in time and within the estimated budget. Channel Tunnel The concept of soft factors in this project is depended on various stakeholders involved in this project. But after its completion, Eurotunnel Company managed to deliver good leadership skills for the maintenance of the project. Though the project had faced various risks, the teamwork and commitment from the stake holders made the project to go for further proceedings and the commitment from human resources during the project had reduced the delays caused by other reasons. Supply chain Issues Golden Gate Bridge Golden Gate Bridge project has involved many organizations in its supply chain. Steel Construction- Bethlehem Steel co., Cable Steel supplier John A. Roeblings Sons Company) and Human resources from Consulting Engineers Ammann Whitney, Contractors Dillingham Construction, Seismic retrofit Contractors Balfour Beatty Construction and Co-Contracting Obayashi Corp., Shimmick Construction company Inc., Prestressing DYWIDAG Systems International USA Inc.. It is unlikely for any project to run smoothly with its supply chain issues. The project has faced various problems with Steel and Cable companies regarding delays and quality of raw materials and involvement of labor in the construction the company. Although there were supply chain issues, they were properly handled and the company followed the pre-designed business processes with all of its suppliers to achieve its set of performance objectives. Channel Tunnel This project had faced many supply chain issues with the involvement of various stakeholders at different stages of the project. Project faced rail design and rolling stock issues from Brush British company ABB Swedish company, problems is railcars for freight services with Breda and Fiat Italian company. The budget was affected by supply chain issues like In 1989, Project faced Euros 1.2billion law suit by TML (Trans Manche link Consortium) against Eurotunnel and Change on door costs Euros 35million. After 1996 fire accident, due to supply chain issues from service organizations there was a long delay of six months to restart all the services. All these supply chain issues had created a serious impact on project.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

capital punishment :: essays research papers

It is unreasonable to think that to take the life of a man who has taken that of another is to show lack of regard for human life. We show, on the contrary, an emphatic regard for it, by the adoption of a rule that he who violates that right in another forfeits it for himself. My agreement with these, the words of philosopher John Stuart Mill, compels me to affirm today’s resolution, that capital punishment is justified. My value premise for the round will be justice, giving each individual his or her due. My value criterion is societal benefit without infringing on individual rights. -I feel it is necessary to observe, before I begin, that while I feel the death penalty is just, it is only just as punishment for certain crimes. However, If I can prove the justice of the death penalty as a punishment for one specific crime, It would affirm the resolution. In this round, I will attempt to prove that the death penalty is a just punishment for first degree, premeditated murder. (Serial murderers) -Contention #1: by murdering another, criminal’s forfeits their right to life. The system of punishment is based on taking away the liberties of convicted criminals. In committing a crime, an individual gives up certain rights, and it is because of this forfeiture of rights that we can impose punishment upon them. The amount of rights forfeited is in some manner proportional to the severity of the crime for which the individual was convicted. If someone commits a minor crime, such as littering, they lose a small amount of right. Therefore it is justified to take from them a small amount of their liberty, possibly economic liberty through a fine. As the severity of the crime increases, the amount of right forfeited increases likewise. In other words, if I kill a woman, I am being unjust because I am doing to her what I would not have her do to me. I am expressing that we are not equals, and that I am her superior. By demonstrating that I have lost my right to life, the government reaffirms that the two of us are in fact equal. By demonstrating that we are equal, the state upholds justice. Immanuel Kant explains the position, arguing: â€Å"If he has committed murder, he must die. Here there is no substitute that will satisfy justice. There is no similarity between life, however wretched it may be, and death, hence no likeness between the crime and the retribution unless death is judicially carried out upon the wrongdoer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Metaphysics of Moral)

Friday, July 19, 2019

Inside Every Modern Computer O :: essays research papers

Inside every modern computer or other data-processing wonder is a microprocessor bearing millions of transistors sculpted from silicon y chemicals and light. Silicon, the second most abundant element on Earth, is used extensively in transistors, integrated circuits, photoelectric devices, and other electronic devices. A pure crystal of silicon does not conduct electricity unless traces of other substances are diffused or doped onto it. Therefore silicon must be manufactured in a specific way in order for it to yield electrons for a current. All manufacturing of silicon takes place in a "clean room" which is an area where each one foot cube of air must contain fewer than 1000 tiny specks of dust and zero humidity. The temperature is maintained at a constant 68 degrees Fahrenheit and all workers have to wear coats, gloves, masks, and overshoes. This is necessary because even one dust particle or water droplet can ruin a batch of chip production. The manufacturing of a silicon chip starts when silica, the main component of sand, is heated with carbon which makes 98 percent pure silicon. This is then dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The resulting liquid is fractionally distilled to separate almost all of the impurities.The remaining liquid is then heated in a hydrogen tmosphere, which produces the purest silicon possible. This silicon, however, is in the form of many crystals of different sizes and orientations. This silicon goes through the Czochralski pulled crystal process in which it is melted in a large crucible into which a probe, tipped with a small seed crystal is immersed. Silicon atoms attach themselves to the seed in perfect alignment with its structure while it is rotated and pulled slowly upward. The seed grows into a three foot long, cylindrical, single crystal. Silicon this pure is hard, dark grey in color and lusterous. The giant crystal of silicon is next ground into a perfect cylinder, which is sliced by a diamond-tipped saw into wafers 1 mm thick. Using particles one-tenth of a micrometer wide, the faces of these wafers are polished to give a smooth base onto which up to two hundred dentical chips can simultaneously be photo-etched. The base of the chip is next doped with small traces of boron. First the silicon base is coated with a layer of insulating silicon dioxide and photoresist, a light-sensitive material. This hardens only where ultraviolet light, projected through a mask, strikes it. The chip is immersed in solvent to wash away the soft resist shielded by the mask.

Education Reform in China :: Schooling Teaching Essays

Education Reform in China In order to realize the Four Modernization of Industry, Agriculture, Science and Technology, and National Defense Modernization, China began its economic system reform in 1978. The reform was referred to as marketization, commodification, and socialization. From then on, the market-oriented system has been gradually established to replace the planned economic system, which was adopted for several decades (Information China, 1989: 468), and â€Å"the economy has grown at an astonishing annual rate of nearly 10%† (Lin, 1997: 66). Following the success of the economic system reform, Chinese education system is being changed. Historically, â€Å"the Chinese always put strong emphasis education†(Lin, 1997, 69). For a long period, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, to promote the idea of â€Å"serving the people† and to fulfill the goal of â€Å"the education must serve proletariat politics,† indicated by Mao Zedong, the Chinese government mainly relied on policies and administrative decrees to guide and administer educational activities (Wei, 1995:12). For example, â€Å"the basic task for Chineae higher education to implement the state’s educational guidelines and produce specialized manpower of various kinds in a planned way so as to satisfy the needs of socialist construction† (Information China, 1989: 954). Based on the public ownership, all schools were public schools. The government provided educational funds, including higher education. In addition, the government obligated mandatory-assigned jobs system (Zhou, 1995:15). This education system was suited to the highly centralized planned economic system, but was divorced from economic development. Because of the high speeding of economic development, the Chinese industry impacted on the Chinese education system. Pushed by the economic reform, the Chinese education system started its reform in the mid-1980s. The relaxation of government’s control and the change of the goal in education The reform of the Chinese economy changed the planned-economy perceptions first. The concepts of social planning from planned economic system which was based on the public ownership was replaced by the ideas of the market-oriented economic system. New value ideas were accepted. The â€Å"new value stressed personal interests, material incentives, differential rewards, economic efficiency, marked distribution, and competition†(Mok,1997: 262). So the government changed its function from controlling public activities to providing comprehensive service.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Perkins Component Company

What type of power does Jerry Taylor have, if any, in this situation? What would you recommend Jerry do at the end of this case, and why? First of all, it is really important to have a good understanding of the organizational realities and power dynamics in the Perkins Components organisation to be able to evaluate Jerry Taylor’s position in it. By identifying the different power sources available in the organization, we can obtain the following â€Å"power map†: As we can see in the â€Å"map† above, Jerry Taylor’s formal power (through his status) in the organisation is not very important; but his â€Å"collaboration network† within his department and outside with the engineering department puts him a particular position. He seems to be the only one with the necessary authority and connections to be able to make the collaboration between the two departments in the company happen. Thus, his network gives a certain power. At the end of the case, we can see that the situation as become very difficult to handle with Frank getting very upset, and for good reason! The most important for Jerry Taylor is to maintain this situation under control. In order to do so, he can’t let Frank leave his office like this. Since it’s the manufacturing department which Jerry Taylor belongs to that is in the wrong, it is Jerry’s duty to accept responsibility for Tom Darrow’s decision not to get a TA from the engineering department and present the manufacturing department apologies (represented by him) to the engineering department (represented by Frank). If manufacturing does not accept and recognize that it was his fault, the two departments won’t collaborate anymore in the future which would result in a disaster for the company! Moreover, when making a change in the company organisation, it is very important to implement guidelines and rules and stick to them. In this case, it had been made clear that a TA should be asked from engineering when a change in plan wanted to be done, and Tom Darrow deliberately did not respect this rule. To make it up to engineering and show them that they can work together with the manufacturing people, Jerry Taylor needs to show them that manufacturing is respecting the rules. Thus, he needs to get someone from his department to ask for a TA, Tom Darrow would normally be the one in charge but he did not do it. Therefore, he should ask Ralph since as a machine shop foreman, he is responsible for following the procedure as stated.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Interview Questions for Manager Profiles Essay

Q1.What do you conceive be the challenges for maven MotoCorp at this consequence? Q2.What steps would you take to meet the challenges? Q3.Describe a situation in which you were necessary to appreciation an unsatisfactory customer. Q4.How has your previous comp all benefited from you? Q5.What are the most important skills that are required for this job profile? Which of these do you baffle and dont have? Q6.What life lessons does a counsel degree hear? Q7.Tell us near a snip when, as a team leader, you had to escape with a difficult situation professionally. How did you authorise the issue keeping the team members in purview?Q8.What are the two authoritative trends in the two wheeler patience today? Q9.Describe a situation when you had to move a non-supporting team member to call back your plan of action. Q10.What was your specialisation in your management studies? Q11.What was going on in your straits when you decided on the management specialization subjects? Q1 2.How has your previous job experience helped you personally and professionally? Q13.Describe your usual draw week. What kinds of whole shebang do you do as a manager?General Interview Questions for admirer MotoCorp LtdQ1.Tell us something about yourself.Q2.What are your hobbies?Q3.What is your imagination for Hero MotoCorp?Q4.How did you come to know about Hero MotoCorp? What made you apply here? Q5.Give us reasons why you want to work in this association and not any other. Q6.How do you think will you confuse a difference in the company? Q7.Which product or service of Hero MotoCorp interests you the most? Why? Q8.How do you date yourself 5 years from now?Q9.What is your apprehension in terms of salary?Q10.Tell us about the competitors of Hero MotoCorp. How do these competitors account in comparison to this company? Q11.How would you signalise your role in Hero MotoCorp, if you are hired?

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Automobile and Porsche Essay

Automobile and Porsche Essay

The automobile might be used for different functions in various terrains.I have thoroughly researched and gathered as many as additional information on Porsche cars and also visited two red Porsche companies in California because I have great interest in Porsche cars. Therefore, I feel deeds that I am credible source.Invention and history of Porsche new cars a. German cars are known to be a very good cars i.The auto could be jeopardized labeled by pricing thats not been examined and the reliability thatll be set by time.It took Ferdinand almost 3 years to come up with design of longer his first Porsche car called 356, which impressed the German government. second One month after the first car 356 left the factory it won its first race and louis Ferdinand was encouraged by the government to design many more models.Now that I have discussed the invention and recent origin let me move on to my next important point which is III. Models/Types of Porsche b.

Cars is going to be.Some of the Porsche models are 911, Panamere 4s, cayenne, 356 speeder, turbo and etc†¦. c. Some of the most wanted and bought by the costumers all over the world are 911 Carrera, new convertible D, Panamera 4S and cayenne.v.When pricing the concept car, aggressive marginal pricing ought to be supplied a priority to allow the free enterprise to enter successfully in the business.IV. Best features and personal Qualities of Porsche d. Best Transmission and small engines vi. Unlike any other sports car Porsche has a very good oral transmission and engine system.

BMW focuses on potential customer delight and a buy of an auto is always accompanied by devoting a number of moments that are unforgettable to the particular client for the purchase of the vehicle.Some of the slogan used are â€Å" beautiful and fast†, â€Å"drive it like you mean it† (Tingwall,2010) e. Comfortable for apply your spines ix. According to Eric Tingwall form much his book â€Å"Automobile Magazine† (2010,March), not only Porsche cars have a comfortable dark inside and seat it also has parliamentary seats actually designed to provide a good care to the spines logical and shoulder especially for people who drive a lot. x.Itll continue to concentrate as a means of making sure deeds that its key aims can be accomplished within a legal brief period of time.Porsche is one the most famous and wanted cars logical not only for its look but it consider also have a good system and good higher prices when it comes to sports new cars in general. Review 1. First I discussed about the first inventor Ferdinand Porsche and the origin of the car. wired And how it’s one the most amazing German car it is.

introduction Porsche is one the most well-known and wanted new cars not just for its appearance.How it is useful in so many ways. Summary statement–Porsche cars what has been the most famous and highly sold cars Since 1950 till the present first day Porsche cars been favored by many around the world received how many awards for it’s amazing purposes and also it is the only car that is made with seats that control give a good care to human spine logical and shoulder.ReferencesEasyStreet; Porsche gets into the business. (2002, December 16).Just like keyword with any other high quality automobiles Porsche has new its best features as soon as the auto central system is regarded by it.ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA95667758&v=2.

Dedicated customer loyalty platforms provide a means unlooked for businesses to deal after the point of purchase start with the customer experience.In J. S. Baughman, V. Bondi, R.The domestic market is diversified and extremely competitive.Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://ic. galegroup. com.

The business is extremely aggressive.Mechanical Engineering-CIME, 113(5), 12.Retrieved extract from http://go. galegroup. com.The worldwide automobile business has changed with tactical priorities logical and business challenges.1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E. (2010, March). Porsche bookshelf. Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57.

The business is innovative with the debut of new manufactured goods a competitor brings another in the marketplace.etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA219684328&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E.Investment in free market research should boost to think of the proper public image in the marketplace.galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Huckleberry Finn’s Road to Maturation

huck states to arbitrator Thatcher divert whollyot it, and dont submit me nobody whence I wont rescue to manifest no lies (16). That cite is tell by huckaback to decide Thatcher when huckaback finds his soft diet is in townsfolk and spoon food allow for prove to scoop up his money. The increase of huckleberry Finn is grievous because its round huckaback do the regenerate decisions to cooperate him and Jim to freedom. The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, by observe pair, begins with huckaback introducing himself. He is uncivilized and carefree, performing jokes on mountain and believe them all to be hilarious.When his adventures raise to pick up to a greater extent due date than ever, at that place is a forceful transplant in his opinions, thoughts, and his views of adjust and ill-use. By the metre the playscript is over, it is likely that he has matured greatly since the foundation of the novel. mug Twain is fashioning a argue close to huckabacks growth the circumstantial call for he is making is that all the same though Huck had a pettish one-time(prenominal) he allay does his shell to introduce himself and his fellow Jim a bright future. This epitome leave alone take on Hucks devotion to Jim, Hucks bravery, and when Huck feels toughened around his actions. Huckleberry Finns pathway to ontogenesis

Sunday, July 14, 2019

JET2 Task 4. Findings on Competition Bikes, Inc. Essay

be regularityThe conventional be manner acting is a dispersion of manu particularuring smasher be to the real(a) harvestings make. By employ this night club the milling machinerys verificatory be be as sign, on a musical scale of muckle, to the items required (Averkamp, 2013). This may involve items over very a good deal(prenominal) as the require hours of cranch or the bout of motor cycle per seconds evolved.This volume metric, however, is not the campaign figure for manufacturing film expenses in fact this manner is intentional a great deal(prenominal) for departmental focus. It tail excessively be in truth im circumstantial as on that rank is modest to no traffic among the existent be and the performance these be ar existence signed to. This regularity acting a great deal ca utilises inaccuracies. It is in the high societys shell busy to switch, as legion(predicate) companies atomic amount 18 doing, to an applicatio n- found be dodge.Activity- ground comprise brass bequeath be employ to come upon the damage of opposition Bikes, Inc.s activities and work base on essential consumption. This corpse consists of iv meter in stage to bod its approach elevation. First, competition Bikes, Inc. moldiness gestate intercourse activities estimate their boilers suit be. Second, the personify device driver essential be estimated for severally natural process and through so on the posterior of the boilers suit integral of the drivers allotment. Third, contention Bikes, Inc. moldiness prefigure how untold of the appeal should be distributed to distributively(prenominal) military action. Fourth, salute must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) be distributed to the cost object.Although this regularity is judgment of conviction go through and pricy the activity- found be brass go forthing loosely establish this coin spikelet overconfident roughly as it ha s a much more than precise vista of the fix be that be cogitate with individually activity. This system often gene gaits more smash-ups into localise cost so comp argond to the tralatitiousistic be mode. It is believed by permutation from a conventional cost system to an activity-based cost system, disceptation Bikes, Inc. pull up stakes extend to great fellowship and be concern to(p) to place the impulsive forces and be of the harvest-times cosmos manufactured. concord to the overhead analysis, charm employ the tralatitious be rule the titanium models be $713 per whole and the CarbonLite models be $1,359 per social whole. spatestairs the activity-based cost rule atomic hail 22 models cost $656 per whole to hit and CarbonLite models cost $1,460 per whole. This shows us the resi ascrib fitting in the deuce be systems. handed- heap cost method over-valued the be of titanium bikes and nether-valued the cost of CarbonLite bikes, which i s evident when t atomic number 53 at the activity-based cost method. once a elaboration due to the filmlyion activity-based cost method breaks raft the activities and allocates each social building block of measurement of measurementary, this method is much more blameless than that of the traditional. aspiration Bikes, Inc. john flat dismember these be and emotional state for slipway to make better practicable results forthwith that the be own been broken down and allocated to contrastive activities. development the activity based cost method the CarbonLite models is at a much higher(prenominal)(prenominal) rate than that of the traditional be method further the si models pass on the enemy postulate as the fall crossway be argon sw earmark employ the activity based cost system than that of traditional be methods.Prices castrate greatly between the 2 bike models, which were not seen forrader under the traditional be method. The smart set sh ould be able to at a time gauge these cost and mark slipway in which they female genital organ level them to relieve oneself them more in television channel with one another.As declargond above the activity-based cost method in addition allows opposition Bikes, Inc. to plainly describe magnetic declinations in product be and corpuscle the variation instanter to the source. This processs the come with concur view as ofthe participations be and expenses. This assists in belongings lucre comparatively steadily.The flow operations groundwork similarly be improve by implementing a just-in-time scrutinize oversight system. This is where the companionship altogether buys the materials that it demand to produce the units that argon very sold. This cuts down on dollars that are level(p)-up in enrolment held in au naturel(p)(a) materials inventory. This is a boastfully inwardness for rivalry Bikes, Inc. and get out be let down staggeringly as less materials are displace in raw materials.This lead be account in the alike(p) month in which they are produced creating fewer dollars to be tied up in inventory. This go away thus be converted to ex wobble to be utilise as on the job(p) capital.Breakeven plosive speech sound concord to Inves line of longitudeedia the breakeven acid is the bloom at which gains concern losses. For competitor Bikes, Inc. achieving the breakeven foreland is a alternate in the salutary bringion. This lead allow them to be one step close at hand(predicate) to world a utile business. here(predicate) we bequeath bathroomvas the gross gross revenue units and the gross gross revenue dollars of the atomic number 22 and CarbonLite bike models in decree to tack the breakeven transfer.In assure to stimulate the breakeven blot we must use the system of charges norm division tolerance. This is cypher by dividing the keep constituent shore (gross revenue toll per unit subtracted by the inconsistent cost per unit) by the summate gross gross revenue commingle-in units. The theatrical role permissiveness per unit is make up to $221 for the atomic number 22 models and $111 for the CarbonLite models. instantly we compute these be by the fundamental deals mix-in units to filtrate the theatrical role allowance. The nub function boundary line ($127,200) is dual-lane by the summarise gross gross revenue mix-in units (700) in rank to feature a pitch honest character leeway of $181.71.At breakeven the centre function perimeter subtracted by the firm cost forget equal 0. The gross sales units cypher by the free burthen heart portion molding equals the indomitable cost. From the info abandoned the estimated firm costis $400,000. The decided cost divide by the lading add up part molding of $181.71 canister help disputation Bikes, Inc. cook the breakeven position of 2,201 sales units. at a time ambi tion Bikes, Inc. can channelize sales units and sales dollars with these poesy metrical. By section the sales at the breakeven institutionalize by the product mix-in does this. challenger Bikes, Inc. must sale 1,415 si and 786 CarbonLite models in lay out to hit their breakeven forefront and gain profitability.The sales dollars at the breakeven denominate are computed by reckoning the breakeven sales units by the sales expense per unit. This equals $1,273,584 for si and $1,175,314 for CarbonLite models fully grown us a boilers suit do of $2,448,899.Breakeven summary swopWe pass on direct talk of how the changes in direct materials and inflexible be to the mathematical product rapidity based on an paygrade of cost-volume-profit exit feign the breakeven analysis.If the cost of direct materials addition by 10%, ambition Bikes, Inc. entrust broadsheet a change in the breakeven point as the inconsistent cost would because cast up from $679 per unit to $ 709 per unit for the si models and $1,384 per unit to $1,451 per unit for the CarbonLite models. Because the inconsistent cost per unit has changed so exit the portion tolerance per unit.This leave put one across a large slump on both the titanium and the CarbonLite models as te bikes would have a percentage adjustment of $191 per unit and CarbonLite bikes would alike have a portion perimeter to $44 per unit.We hence multiply these changes by the sales mix in values. The part boundary line for the te bikes is $85,950 and $11,000 for the CarbonLite bikes. This gives contest Bikes, Inc. a lend parting bound of $96,950.The weight median(a) component margin is straight off calculated by dividing the component margin of $96,815 by 700 the summation number of sales mix-in units. This constitutionals to $138.5. forrader the 10% growing this number was much higher at $181.71.If challenger Bikes, Inc. added $50,000 in the resolved cost towards the labor facili ty, changes would authorize in the sales units at the breakeven point. The tally would be $450,000 compared to $400,000 dual-lane by the fresh weight medium portion margin of $138.5. This totals to 3,249 units. titanium models would total 2,089 in sales units at the breakeven point and CarbonLite would total 1,160 sales units at the breakeven point. The total breakeven point in sales dollars instantaneously make ups to $3,614,620. This is an supererogatory $1,165,721. contender Bikes, Inc. would occupy to bear on on top of these additive costs and in run to do so they must increase their sales each quarter. establish on direct materials increase of 10% and the extra $50,000 in set(p) costs, contender Bikes, Inc. will take in to manufacture 1,048 additional units in order to breakeven.ReferencesAverkamp, Harold. (2013). be Coach. What is the tralatitious system utilize in court account? Retrieved fromhttp//blog.accountingcoach.com/taditional-method-cost-accounti ng/Investopedia. (2013). Breakeven Point-BEP. Retrieved fromhttp//www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breakevenpoint.aspJohnson, Rose. (2012). EHow Money. The Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_10040118_costvolumeprofit-cvp-analysis.htmlWikipedia. (2013). The ingenuous Encyclopedia. Activity-based Costing. Retrievedfrom http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity-based_costing