Critically Evaluate Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as Way of Understanding Employee Motivation in Contemporary Chinese Business

Critically evaluate Maslows hierarchy of call for as way of understanding employee motivation in coeval Chinese business. Because of the enormous developing and consume potentials in China, more(prenominal) and more multinationals are attracted. Companies who had rich successful experiences in west contain difficulties to manage in this unfamiliar acclivitous market (in Alas, 2008). To define the way of understanding employee in China, necessarily and motivations of Chinese employees should be considered first. Maslows hierarchy of demand as one of the most discussed theories which related to mickle motivations should be included.According to Maslows model, individuals sire the same order of needs all over the world. Some criticisms pointed out that needs would change under dissentent cultures. Furthermore, pursual the great changes of China, employee motivations between new China and contemporary China changed as well. Due to the reform in China, Chinese people have more outlook to communicate with western which gave a important impact on Chinese employees work set and motivations. This essay will evaluate Maslows hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business.From Maslows perspective (in Geren, 2011), human needs are the same worldwide. It indicated that the hierarchy of needs which developing based on U. S. society can be applied all over the world. Whereas the research of Hofsted (2001) reported that people under different cultures have diverse values which have a motivational influence on life choices and behaviors (in Alas, 2008). Compared with the individualism culture in U. S. , China exists as a collectivized society due to its long history of traditional culture and the dominant position of imperial power.Individuals in the individualistic society are concerned more about self-success, but for Chinese people, maintain harmony within their social environment is more significant. According to Kirkman and Shapiro (in Alas, 2008), there are some crucial colligate between heathen values and job attitudes which can be the approach to study employee motivations between U. S. and China deeply. A diagram about the hierarchy of needs of the Peoples Republic of China by Nevis (in Gambrel and Cianci, 2003) showed that the order of needs of Chinese people and employees are social belonging, physiological, safety and elf-actualization. Employees in China tend to underline social needs more over individualistic needs which means the status and identity were concerned more in a society, while employees in more individualistic society such as America stress more on individualistic needs. A famous case was at Lenovo when Chinese and American employees worked as a group, Chinese employee considered the team as the key for companys successful. However, The Americans were trying to identify individual high performers (Gallo, 2008).The hierarchy of needs model seems not appropriate fo r understanding the employee motivations in China business. However, an ambitious reform program was launched in China. Instead of a relatively closed brass previously, an open, market-driven system had been set up. A series of actions including entering the WTO, opening the western region of China and building up an information network have abandoned dynamic to support the system and take the way to develop. As a result of these great changes of China, employee motivations and work values between new China and contemporary China changed as well.According to studies by Ralston et al. (in Jaw, 2007), Work values of contemporary Chinese leaders who get a higher score on individualism differ from those older generation of the past. It indicated that new generation of Chinese manager characterized more individualistic. Furthermore, because of the experiences to western thought and management practices, Chinese employees who ever had under western cultural influence are more obstreper ous (in Jaw, 2007). It stated that work values are different between Chinese employees who have western cultural experiences and those who have not.Chinese employees who have western cultural exposure experiences focus more on individual values, especially self-esteem and self-actualization which can be applied in Maslows model. As the number of those employees increasing, this tendency will become more obviously. For those Chinese employees who do not have a western background, they put more focus on the material standard of living and work conditions which can be seen as the first level of Maslows model. For example, high wages have been seen as one of the most significant factors to attract employees in contemporary Chinese business.In order to motivate employees more effectively, Googles office in China not only provide fresh fruit and high quality food, but also create relax and comfortable working environment (Marre, 2011). The ANOVA demonstrate of work values in 4 areas sho wed that Chinese respondents pay more attention to the provision of welfare than employees in the other areas (in Alas, 2008) . When employees age is old plentiful to retire, they need the welfare to support daily life without working. It reflected the importance of the security of their work.The reasons behind their needs were attributed to the different developments in the economy after experiencing a centrally planned economy in China and low material standards of living (in Jaw, 2007). Although China has been seen as the emerging market with full of power, the country had experienced a socialist regime which have considerable less wealth than traditional capitalist countries and started to develop only around 30 years. That caused most of Chinese employees lighten strive for the lowest need and also excuse the rationality of Maslows hierarchy of needs in China. To sum up, as the representer of U.S. middle class values during the period of individual achievements were stressed, Maslows model is not applied across all cultures (in Jaw, 2007). However, as a result of the reform in China in 1978, links between China and the world connected. By the influence of western culture, Chinese manager and employee who had a background in foreign countries shown more aggressive and ambitious which closer the stage of self-esteem and self-actualization among Maslows theory. On the other hand, general employees focus more on income, work environment and welfare which explain Maslows model in a practical way.Although Maslows model is not apply in a collectivistic society, it becomes more proper to extinguish Chinese employees motivations after 30 years development. Word count1004 References Alas, R. (2008) Attitudes and values in Chinese manufacturing companies A Comparison with Japanese, South Korean and Hong Kong companies. Chinese worry Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 pp. 32-51 Marre, W. (2011) Is GOOGLE Employee Heaven? Available from March 2012 Gambrel, P Cianci, R. (2003) M aslows Hierarchy of needs Does It Apply In A Collectivist Culture. Journal of utilize Management and Entrepreneurship Apr 2003 8,2 ABI/INFORM Global pg. 43 Gallo, F. (2008) Business Leadership In China How to Blend Best Western Practices with Chinese Wisdom, Publisher Wiley (August 1, 2008) Geren, B. (2011) Motivation Chinese theoretical Perspectives. Journal of Behavioural Studies in Business Vol. 3 online. Available from March 2012 Hofstede,G. (2001) Cultures Consequences Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nation(2nd ed. ), SAGE Publications Thousand Oaks, CA Jaw, B-S Ling, Y-H Wang, C. Y-P Chang, W-C. (2007) The impact of culture on Chinese employees work values. Personnel Review Vol. 36 No. 1, 2007 (pp. 128-144)